adj
(grammar) The use of the more generic category (for agreement) with combinations of words from two or more selective categories (such as gender). For example Each boy or girl took his book., or in French Le manteau et la robe sont verts, mais les chaussures ne sont pas vertes. (The (masculine) coat and the (feminine) dress are (masculine plural) green, but the (feminine plural) shoes are not (feminine plural) green.)
n
(grammar, semantics) The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change over time until a natural end point.
n
Alternative form of cognate accusative [(grammar) An object of kindred sense or derivation; specifically, that which may adverbially follow an intransitive verb (for example, the word death in “to die the death”).]
n
(grammar, semantics) The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change over time and have no natural end point.
adv
As, or in the manner of, an adjective.
adj
(grammar) Involving or relating to words that modify a noun.
n
(linguistics) A suffix or particle which converts a word to adnominal form.
n
(grammar) A word formed using such prefixes.
n
(linguistics) An adposition that can occur either before or after its complement.
n
(grammar) A sentence or clause that is grammatically inconsistent, especially with respect to the type of clausal or phrasal complement for the initial clause.
n
(rhetoric) A justification of an action by necessity.
adj
(grammar) Indicating motion away from something.
n
(grammar) In the Paninian grammar of Sanskrit, the "carrying over" of earlier-described rules into subsequent contexts, without explicitly restating those rules.
adj
(linguistics) Pertaining to or supporting grammatical aspect.
adj
(grammar) Of or pertaining to grammatical aspect.
adj
(linguistics) Presenting an action or event as being incomplete.
adj
(grammar, of a word, phrase, or especially an adjective) Possessing the property it describes.
n
(linguistics) The apparent paradox that children learning English encounter many sentences amenable to dative shift (e.g. "give the book to me" → "give me the book") but apparently have no way to learn that this is not possible with certain verbs (e.g. "*donate me the book" is unacceptable), and yet rarely make this kind of error.
n
(grammar) In Berber languages, a marked form of a noun, varying in usage cases per specific language but chiefly characterized by its being used for untopicalized subjects of sentences – default word order being VSO.
n
(linguistics) A catenative verb.
n
(grammar) A grammatical structure of this kind.
adj
Of, pertaining to, or constructed using clauses.
n
(linguistic morphology) The distinction between the exclusive first-person pronoun (we excluding you) and the inclusive first-person pronoun (we including you) in some languages.
n
(Lojban grammar) Function word(s), i.e., structural words.
n
Abbreviation of cognate object. [Synonym of cognate accusative]
n
(linguistics, philosophy, semantics) A semantic relationship between two words wherein negative use of one entails the affirmative of the other with no gradability; the relation of binary antonyms.
n
(grammar) In some languages, one of several classifications of verbs according to what inflections they take.
adj
(grammar) Relating to the conjunctive mood.
n
(linguistics, grammar) A set of grammatical rules of a particular language, governing the agreement between the tenses of verbs in related clauses or sentences; agreement between tenses of verbs in accordance with said set of rules.
adj
(grammar) Of or relating to a converb.
n
(grammar) A clause that can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence and contains at least a subject and a verb.
n
(grammar) An equal joining together of two or more phrases or clauses, for example, using and, or, or but.
n
(grammar) A member of a lexical class of words that joins two or more items (such as words, phrases, or clauses) of equal syntactic importance.
n
(grammar) A copulative conjunction.
adj
(rare) Having the same meaning.
adj
(grammar) Of or relating to a grammatical aspect relating to an action that occurs in a straight line (in space or time).
n
(grammar) A way of categorizing nouns, pronouns, or adjectives according to the inflections they receive.
adj
(grammar, of a lexeme, especially a verb) Lacking some forms; e.g., having only one tense or being usable only in the third person.
adj
(grammar) Deriving from an interjection.
adj
(grammar, of a verb) That has little or no meaning by itself.
n
(grammar) Any of a class of grammars based on the dependency relation (as opposed to the constituency relation), in which words are interconnected by directed links, and the (finite) verb is regarded as the centre of clause structure.
adj
(linguistics) consisting of desinences or grammatical endings
n
(grammar) ʾiʿrāb: a number of nominal, adjectival, and verbal inflectional endings, which are an integral part of Qur'anic and Classical Arabic, although they are generally not written and not pronounced in pausa or written but not pronounced.
adj
(grammar) Deriving from a noun; denominal, denominative.
adj
(grammar, linguistics) Derived from a verb.
adj
(linguistics, grammar, rare) Derived from a verb.
n
(grammar) Voice (active or passive).
n
(grammar, narratology) the writing of speech, using the exact words of the speaker, usually between quotation marks
adj
(linguistics) Indicating discontinuation.
n
(grammar) A sentence structure in which a constituent that could otherwise be either an argument or an adjunct of a clause occurs outside of and adjacent to the clause boundaries.
n
(linguistics, lexicography) A copulative or coordinative type of compound in which members, if not compounded, would be in the same case and connected by the conjunction and. Common in languages such as Sanskrit, Chinese and Japanese, but less so in English.
n
(grammar) A verb that indicates continued or progressive action on the part of the subject.
n
(grammar) A noun and attributive adjective form, occurring in Aramaic and Old South Arabian and by minority reconstructed for Proto-Semitic, where the word spearheads what is perceived as an agglutinated determiner.
adj
(grammar, rare) Being or relating to an endopassive.
n
(grammar) Synonym of ergativity
n
(linguistics) A syntactic element (affix, clitic, or particle) that indicates evidentiality.
adj
(grammar) Of, or relating to the grammatical case that in some languages indicates the transition away from a state.
n
(grammar, dated) The variation of words by declension, comparison, or conjugation; inflection.
adj
(grammar) Pertaining to the inflection of words.
n
(grammar) Abbreviation of genitive. [(grammar, uncountable) An inflection pattern (of any given language) that expresses origin or ownership and possession.]
n
Conversion of a logic into a Gentzenian form.
adj
Being or pertaining to a gerund.
adj
Pertaining to or behaving like a gerund.
n
(linguistics) A word that can be inflected to specify the degree or grade of something.
n
(linguistics) The absence of a clear boundary, or the presence of a continuous spectrum of meaning, between two words or categories.
n
(grammar, semantics) The aspect of a verb phrase or other predicate – its temporal structure or relationship to the time of use – marked through any of various grammatical elements, as distinguished from lexical aspect.
n
(grammar, rare) The practice, for example in Tibetan and Tocharian, of inflecting noun phrases with case by only inflecting the last word of the noun phrase with said case.
n
(linguistics) In some languages, opposite of animacy, which affects grammatical features (it can modify verbs used with the noun, affect the noun's declension, etc.).
n
(grammar, narratology) reported speech
n
Abbreviation of inflection. [(grammar, uncountable) Change in the form of a word (morphologic change) to express different grammatical categories.]
adj
(linguistics) Having inflected word forms; fusional.
n
(grammar, countable) Any form produced by such an instance of a change, such as the principal parts for any given stem: any of the declined or conjugated forms that constitute its declension or conjugation.
adj
(grammar) Of or pertaining to inflection.
n
(logic, semantics) Any property or quality connoted by a word, phrase or other symbol, contrasted with actual instances in the real world to which the term applies.
n
(semantics) A definition that gives the meaning of a term by specifying all the properties of the things to which the term applies.
adj
(grammar) Synonym of andative
n
(linguistics) possessive adjective
n
(grammar) A transitive verb, such as break, burn, boil, open, start, change, or assimilate, which may be used intransitively with the object of the action as the subject.
adj
(grammar) Relating to left recursion
n
(grammar) A property of verbs and other predicates indicating internal temporal nature; aktionsart.
n
The application of a logical framework to a concept
n
(linguistics) a word class that indicates the mood of an utterance
n
(linguistics) Abbreviation of intransitive (“neutral”). [(grammar) An intransitive verb.]
n
(grammar) A proposed inflectional class of the Proto-Indo-European verb, characterized by accent on the root in all of the person-number forms.
n
(linguistics) The phenomenon by which certain negated predicates (e.g. think, believe, expect) can give rise to a reading where the negation seems to take scope from an embedded clause.
adj
Existing in name only.
n
(statistics, metrics) A variable with values which have no numerical value, such as gender or occupation.
n
(rhetoric) Intentional use of such a construction.
adj
(grammar, somewhat rare) Of or relating to a word that belongs to any part of speech other than that of verbs
n
(grammar) A phrase that has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head or performs the same grammatical function as a noun.
adj
Of, relating to, or acting as a noun.
n
(grammar, semantics) The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that change in or over time.
n
(grammar) A construction wherein the dropping of an argument is dependent on a covarying argument having been fronted in a local context, as in "Which book did she review without reading?".
n
(grammar) The placing of two or more nouns in the same case; apposition.
n
(grammar) The addition of a syllable or particle to the end of a pronoun, verb, or adverb.
n
(linguistics) A part of speech which cannot be inflected.
n
(grammar) A conjugation formed by the use of the simple verb with one or more auxiliaries.
adj
(linguistics, of an aspect) permanent, stative, maintaining the same state
n
(linguistics, more loosely) A phrase, consisting of a verb and either or both of a preposition or adverb, that has idiomatic meaning.
n
(grammar) A noun (either in certain of its senses or in all its senses) that does not generally have a singular form.
adj
(linguistics) After a noun.
n
(linguistics) Something which is placed after a noun, as "of mine" in "friend of mine".
adj
(grammar) Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a postposition.
n
(brachylogy) A construction commonly found in Greek and Hebrew in which either a verb of motion is paired with a locative prepositional phrase or a static verb is paired with an allative preposition phrase.
adj
(grammar) That is placed before a noun
adj
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a preposition.
adj
(linguistics) Before a sentence.
adj
Of, pertaining to, constructed using, or serving the purpose of a pronoun; pronominal
n
(grammar) The attachment of a pronoun to the end of a verb to indicate its subject or object
n
A zeugma where the governing word occurs in the first clause of the sentence.
n
(linguistics) A pseudo-participial word.
adj
(linguistics) Having some of the characteristics of a verb, though not in fact a verb.
n
(grammar) A verb denoting a punctiliar action or activity.
n
Alternative form of quasiconverb [(linguistics) A verb form which functions as a converb, but is constructed differently.]
n
(linguistics) A verb form which functions as a converb, but is constructed differently.
n
A grammatical construct used in some languages when reporting something learned from somebody else.
adj
(grammar) Synonym of reportative
n
(grammar) The semelfactive aspect.
adj
Of a verb whose present system is normal but its perfect system is deponent.
adj
(grammar) Of or relating to a grammatical aspect relating to an action that is habitual and ongoing.
n
(grammar) A form of a word that refers to only one person or thing.
n
(grammar) A noun (in any specific sense) that has no plural form and is only used with singular verbs. Frequently for mass nouns.
adj
(grammar) Of or pertaining to a grammatical form or construction that expresses the individuation of a single referent from a mass noun.
adj
(grammar) Expressing the location of things in comparison with one another, e.g. the word "to" in the phrase face to face.
n
(grammar, semantics) The lexical aspect (aktionsart) of verbs or predicates that do not change over time.
adj
(grammar) Of or pertaining to a substantive.
n
(grammar) The phenomenon where a genitive noun agrees grammatically with its head noun.
n
(grammar) In Biblical Hebrew, an inflectional ending or suffix.
n
(sociolinguistics) The distinction between a formal and an informal second-person pronoun in some languages.
adj
(grammar) That expresses an end or purpose.
n
(linguistics) The property of a verb or verb phrase that presents an action or event as being complete in some sense.
adj
(grammar) Relating to or denoting time or tense.
adj
(grammar) Relating to a word or phrase that describes how an action is distributed over a period of time; e.g. the word "per" in once per week.
adj
(grammar) of or pertaining to grammatical tense
adj
(linguistics, of a sentence) Having the topic at the beginning.
adj
(linguistics) Of a class of verbs which take three objects.
n
(linguistics) The capacity of a verb to take a specific number of arguments.
adj
Having the characteristics of a verb.
n
(syntax) a syntactic phenomenon found in many languages around the world, in which interrogative words (sometimes called wh-words) or phrases show a special word order. Unlike ordinary phrases, such wh-words appear at the beginning of an interrogative clause.
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