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(finance) An asset pricing model using one or more common factors to price returns. With only one factor, representing the market portfolio, it is called a single factor model. With two or more factors, it is called a multifactor model.
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(business) The price at which an interested purchaser and an interested seller would freely agree to transact or to trade between related parties, but conducted as if they were unrelated, to ensure that there is no ensuing conflict of interest.
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(economics) An applied branch of economics, studying how bidders act in auction markets and how the features of such markets incentivize predictable outcomes.
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(economics, trade) The difference between the monetary value of exports and imports in an economy over a certain period of time.
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A (usually governmental) budget in which income and expenditure are equal over a set period of time.
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(economics) A hypothetical phenomenon where if the number of firms producing a product goes from one to two or more selling identical products with identical manufacturing costs, the price would be expected to decrease from the high price which one monopolistic firm would charge to a competitive at-cost price, if consumers choose which product to buy based solely on price and the firms try to undercut each other.
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(economics) A mathematical model for the dynamics of a financial market containing derivative investment instruments.
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(economics) A stylized fact of economics which states that a country's wage share remains constant over time.
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(uncountable, economics) Already-produced durable goods available for use as a factor of production, such as steam shovels (equipment) and office buildings (structures).
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Unbanked, undeposited monies.
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(economics) A competitive market is one, in which no single firm can influence the price of a good/services due to the competitive nature of other firms in the market.
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(law, US, antitrust law) Price fixing that occurs without direct communication between the participants, but where the participants instead intentionally follow one another in raising prices to maximize profits at the expense of competitive pricing.
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(economics) A statistical estimate of the level of prices of goods and services bought for consumption purposes by households.
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(economics) The satisfaction that a consumer gets from the price they paid compared to what they were willing to pay over and above the current price, i.e. the difference between what they paid and what they were willing to pay.
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(finance, economics) A methodology to help appraise or assess the case for a project or proposal, by estimating the net cost or benefit of the project of proposal.
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(economics) The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing to buy at a particular price.
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(economics) A graph depicting the relationship between the price of a certain commodity and the amount of it that consumers are willing and able to purchase at that given price.
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(economics) A permanent or sustained decline in the demand for a good in response to persistent high prices or limited supply.
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(economics) The intentional or deliberate lowering of a currency's value compared to another country's currency or a standard value (e.g. the price of gold).
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(economics) Real or financial capital, or the two together.
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The productivity of a country or region, measured by the value of goods and services produced.
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(economics) The characteristics of a production process in which an increase in the scale of the firm causes a decrease in the long run average cost of each unit.
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(economics) The idea that the prices generated by a financial market represent the best possible estimate of any investment’s value.
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A theoretical economic curve that describes how household expenditure on a particular good or service varies with household income.
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(economics) The price of a commodity at which the quantity that buyers wish to buy equals the quantity that sellers wish to sell.
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(economics) The measure of how much money a consumer would pay before a price increase, to avoid the price increase.
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An amount of change whose combined monetary value exactly matches the value that a seller requires in exchange for goods or services.
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(economics) The system or infrastructure for economic exchange within which factors of production (such as labor, materials, or capital) are purchased or sold.
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(finance) The price at which the buyer and seller are willing to do business.
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(accounting, economics) A rational, unbiased estimate of the potential market price of goods, services, or assets, taking into account both objective factors (such as production and distributions costs) and subjective factors (such as risks and supply vs. demand).
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(finance) Direct trading between institutions, without the services of broker-dealers.
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(economics) A good which people consume more of as only the price rises. It has a positive price elasticity of demand.
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(economics, business, finance, historical) A major economic collapse characterized by mass unemployment and limited business activity that lasted from 1929 to 1940 in the US and a similar period in many other countries.
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(economics) A measure of the economic production of a particular territory in financial capital terms over a specific time period.
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(economics) The total market value of all the goods and services produced by a nation (citizens of a country, whether living at home or abroad) during a specified period.
adj
(economics) in which the ratio of goods demanded depends only on the ratio of their prices
adj
(economics) Of a good or service: such that consumer demand increases in line with the amount of money that consumers have available to spend.
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(economics) A single number calculated from an array of prices or of quantities.
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(economics) a graph showing different bundles of goods, each measured as to quantity, between which a consumer is indifferent.
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(economics) a good that decreases in demand when consumer income rises; having a negative income elasticity of demand.
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(economics) The phenomenon whereby many small purchases add up to a significant expenditure over time.
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(economics) Synonym of Say's law
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an economic law that claims a good must sell for the same price in all locations
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(finance) Availability of cash over short term: ability to service short-term debt.
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(economics) A feature of many financial markets whereby the volume (and hence liquidity) is concentrated at the start and particularly the end of the trading day, with relatively thin trading in the middle.
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(economics) A theory that attempts to explain the discrepancy in the value of goods and services by reference to their secondary, or marginal, utility.
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(finance, economics) The cost of the marginal unit of capital that a firm could raise.
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(economics) A condition where a market price is established through competition such that the amount of goods or services sought by buyers is equal to the amount of goods or services produced by sellers.
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(economics) The ability of a firm to profitably raise the market price of a good or service over marginal cost.
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(economics) The price at which a product, financial instrument, service or other tradable item can be bought and sold at an open market; the going price.
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(finance) The price which a seller or insurer might reasonably expect to fetch for goods, services or securities on the open market.
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(economics) The condition that an exchange rate devaluation or depreciation will only cause a balance of trade improvement if the absolute sum of the long run export and import demand elasticities is equal to, or greater than 1.
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(US, finance) The stock of a public company with a market capitalization of roughly $300 million or less.
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(economics) a situation in microeconomics where a competitive market allowing the exchange of a commodity would be Pareto-efficient, but no such market exists
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(economics) The inability of GDP to respond to a change in the money supply or in interest rates
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(business) A good or service whose value meets or exceeds the amount of money paid for it.
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(finance) Price-earnings ratio.
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(economics) A price for a good or service that is equal to the cost of production, augmented by the average profit rate.
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(finance, accounting) The value or price of something, with no adjustments for inflation.
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(economics) a good for which demand increases when income increases and falls when income decreases but price remains constant, i.e. with a positive income elasticity of demand.
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(economics) A theoretical economic curve that shows the quantity of one type of product that an agent will export for each quantity of another type of product that it imports.
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(finance, business) The value of additional optional investment opportunities available only after having made an initial investment.
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A situation in which firms are able and willing to supply any quantity of a good or service at the going price, i.e., the supply is infinite.
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A situation in which firms/producers can only supply a fixed quantity, hence cannot increase, or decrease the available amount even if there are increases/decreases in price. (Elasticity of supply = 0)
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(economics) The practice of charging different prices to different categories of consumers.
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(economics) A statistical estimate of the level of prices of some class of goods or services.
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(economics) The phenomenon where, for a certain group or sector of productive population, the overall valuation from their production for sale outside the group drops below the valuation of the demand of the group for goods produced outside the group after a period of reasonable equilibrium. For example, changing world price levels cause a country's exports to plummet in value, while the valuation of its imports remains relatively stable.
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A firm that has no choice over its price and must accept that of the general market.
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(economics) The sector of the economy that principally produces raw materials for use by other sectors.
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A cost incurred in the production process by the producer; including tax and profit margins that are anticipated.
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(economics) A statistical estimate of the level of prices of goods and services bought by domestic producers.
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Producer surplus refers to the difference between the price which consumers paid for goods and services and the price that the firms were willing to supply it at.
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An economic curve, showing the maximum combinations/possibilities of goods and services that can be produced in a set amount of time given the limited available resources.
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Productive efficiency is a type of economic efficiency achieved when a firm operates at minimum costs, by using the appropriate inputs to produce the maximum output possible.
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(economics) The pursuit of financial gain as a motivation for individuals and firms to conduct business.
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(economics) A theory of long-term equilibrium exchange rates based on relative price levels of two countries.
adj
(finance) Describing any market system in which prices are established by quotations given by market makers
adj
(finance, of stocks and shares) Having a price constrained to lie between certain upper and lower limits.
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(economics) Capital that is not financial capital, such as shovels for gravediggers, sewing machines for tailors, or machinery for manufacturing firms.
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Something that one uses to achieve an objective, e.g. raw materials or personnel.
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(UK, economics) A measure of inflation based on the changing cost of a representative sample of retail goods and services. Calculated on a slightly different basis to the Consumer Price Index.
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(economics) A principle whereby those who produce anything must be paid sufficiently to buy the products they make, whether it be in a local economy or the world economy.
adj
(economics) Of or relating to a form of the Efficient-market hypothesis that implies that share prices adjust to publicly available new information very rapidly and in an unbiased fashion, such that no excess returns can be earned by trading on that information.
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(economics) An equation that relates changes in Marshallian (uncompensated) demand to changes in Hicksian (compensated) demand, designed to explore a consumer's response to changes in price.
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(economics) A market in which demand and supply are the same.
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(economics) A capitalistic model of price determination in a market.
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(economics) the graph depicting the relationship between the price of a certain commodity and the amount of it that producers are willing and able to supply at that given price
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(Marxism) The part of the new value made by production that is taken by enterprises as generic gross profit.
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(economics, marketing) The perceived value of getting a good deal; the difference between the amount paid and a notional reference price.
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(economics, business) the amount by which the value of an article is increased at each stage of its production, exclusive of initial costs
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(economics) The number of times that an average unit of currency is spent during a specific period of time.
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