n
(mathematics) For a complex number a+bi, the principal square root of the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary parts, √. Denoted by | |.
n
(mathematics) The divisor function of an integer divided by the integer.
adj
(arithmetic) Of a progression, mean, etc, computed solely using addition.
n
(mathematical analysis) The sum of the terms in an arithmetic progression.
n
A formal presentation of the properties of numbers.
n
(mathematics) a function of the type f:V⨯V→V, or more generally, a function of the type f:U_1⨯U_2⨯...⨯U_n→V in which exactly two of the sets Uᵢ are equal to V.
n
(set theory, order theory, "on" or "between" sets A and B) A subset of the Cartesian product A×B.
n
(mathematics) A semiprime.
n
(probability theory) The counterintuitive observation that a random group of people needs to have only 23 members before there is a 50% chance of two of them having the same birthday.
n
(number theory) The conjecture that there are at least four prime numbers between (pₙ)² and (pₙ₊₁)², where pₙ is the nth prime number, for every n ≥ 2.
n
(set theory) For a set X, the Cartesian product X² = X × X.
n
The branch of abstract algebra dealing with group characters.
n
(number theory) A deficient number.
adj
(mathematics) Order bounded in the universal completion.
n
(mathematics, combinatorics) For an odd integer, the result of multiplying all the odd integers from 1 to the given number; or for an even integer, the result of multiplying all the even integers from 2 to the given number; symbolised by a double exclamation mark (!!). For example, 9!! = 1 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 9 = 945.
n
(number theory) A representation of a rational number as a sum of distinct unit fractions.
adj
(mathematics) Obtained by operating on one element (of a matrix etc) at a time
n
(set theory) The unique set that contains no elements, denoted ∅ or {}.
n
The greatest integer not exceeding the specified number.
adj
(mathematics, of an operation on one or more matrices) Performed independently on each matrix entry.
n
(mathematics) Any of a number of different formulations or schools of thought within ergodic theory as a whole.
n
(mathematics) An integer that is divisible by two.
n
(computing) The part of a floating-point number that represents its exponent value.
n
(mathematics, obsolete) The multiplicand.
v
(of a number or other mathematical object, intransitive) To be a product of other objects.
n
(mathematics) A bipartite graph representing the factorization of a function.
adj
(number theory) Being or relating to two or more natural numbers with a common abundancy.
n
A number that shares its abundancy with another positive integer.
n
(mathematics) A function which, when applied a given number of times, equals another given function.
n
(fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic) A set whose elements have degrees of membership, instead of only full and empty membership.
n
(mathematics) The divergent infinite series ∑ₙ₌₀ ᪲(-1)ⁿ=1-1+1-1+⋯.
adj
Having to do with group theory.
n
(mathematics, informal, mostly plural) Any number appearing in a sequence described by the Collatz conjecture.
n
(set theory) For a given set X, the cardinality of the least ordinal number α such that there is no injection from α into X.
adj
(mathematics) multiperfect such that σ(n) = 7n
adj
(mathematics) Of a number which is the product of two consecutive integers.
n
(education, obsolete) A loosely defined range of topics in arithmetic, distinguished from elementary arithmetic by the more advanced nature of the methods and concepts.
n
(set theory) A set with certain openness and completeness properties.
n
(numerical analysis) Any of a class of iterative root-finding algorithms used for functions of one real variable with continuous derivatives up to some order d + 1, each method being characterized by the number d.
adj
(mathematics, of a function) Being equal to the zero function and not merely zero at a particular point in its domain.
n
(set theory) the smallest cardinality of a maximal independent family of subsets of the natural numbers, usually denoted by lowercase Fraktur letter i
n
(mathematics) A theoretical problem in which every nth person, counting around a circle of people, is chosen for execution, and this process repeats after the removal of each chosen person, with the last person left being freed. The problem is to select one's position so as to be the last to be chosen.
n
(mathematics) The bijective numeration of digits 1 through k inclusive that uses position in powers of k to encode an integer's expansion.
n
(mathematics) A problem in combinatorics, in which 15 schoolgirls go walking three abreast for seven days in succession, and must be arranged so that no two walk abreast more than once.
n
An algebraic expression representing a function by binding one or more parameters to an expression which may contain those parameters.
n
(mathematics) Any of a sequence of numbers related to the Fibonacci numbers. L(0) = 1, L(1) = 1, and then, for all n larger than 1, L(n) = L(n-1)+L(n-2)+1.
n
(mathematics) The smallest positive integer which is a multiple of every denominator of several fractions.
n
(mathematics) A natural number that cannot form a palindrome through the iterative process of repeatedly reversing its digits and adding the resulting numbers.
n
(mathematics, number theory) The sum of numbers in any row, column, or diagonal of a magic square.
n
(by extension) The lowest such number that assures a team a playoff berth.
n
(mathematics) The number of distinct meanders of a given order.
n
(mathematics) A rational number whose numerator is the sum of the numerators of two other given rational numbers and whose denominator is the sum of the denominators of those same two other rational numbers.
n
(computing) A kind of pseudorandom number generator whose period length is chosen to be a Mersenne prime.
n
(number theory) Any system of arithmetic for integers which, for some given positive integer n, is equivalent to the set of integers being mapped onto the finite set {0, ... n} according to congruence modulo n, and in which addition and multiplication are defined consistently with the results of ordinary arithmetic being so mapped.
n
(mathematics, logic, computing) An expression with a single term, such as a product of numeric variables (with no addition) or a conjunction of possibly negated Boolean variables (with no disjunction).
n
(mathematics) A generalization of a permutation where every element can appear multiple times.
n
(arithmetic) A number that is to be multiplied by another (the multiplier).
n
(countable, arithmetic) A calculation involving multiplication.
n
(grammar) A numeral that expresses how many times some event happens.
n
(mathematics) An operation of an algebraic structure playing a role analogous to multiplication.
n
(arithmetic) A number by which another (the multiplicand) is to be multiplied.
adj
(mathematics, many contexts) Of the order "n".
n
(combinatorics) Any of the triangular array of natural numbers defined by N(n, k), n = 1, 2, 3 ..., 1 ≤ k ≤ n, occurring in various counting problems.
n
(mathematics) The set of positive integers, {1, 2, 3, ...}.
n
Synonym of Harshad number
n
(mathematics) The item at position n in a sequence.
adj
(mathematics) Of or comprising a value of precisely zero.
n
(mathematics) A number line that has one endpoint (typically at zero)
n
(mathematics) a real or complex valued function of n defined on the set of natural numbers that expresses some arithmetical property of n.
n
(mathematics) Any integer that produces a noninteger when divided by two
n
(mathematics) An overpartition of n is a non-increasing sequence of natural numbers whose sum is n in which the first occurrence of a number may be overlined.
adj
(number theory) Of, pertaining to, (ultimately) derived from or defined in the context of p-adic numbers.
n
(number theory) A function of rational numbers, with prime number p as parameter, which is defined for some non-zero integer x as the largest integer r such that pʳ divides x; is defined for some non-zero rational number a/b as the p-adic ordinal of a minus the p-adic ordinal of b; and is defined for 0 as infinity.
n
(mathematics, countable) The classification of an element of a set with parity into one of the two sets.
adj
(mathematical analysis) Of a set: equal to its set of limit points, i.e. set A is perfect if A=A'.
n
W:F→ℕ⁺ is a set of arc weights, which assigns to each arc f∈F some n∈ℕ⁺ denoting how many tokens are consumed from a place by a transition, or alternatively, how many tokens are produced by a transition and put into each place.
n
(mathematics) The notation (x)ₙ, where n is a non-negative integer, which depending on the context represents either the rising factorial or the falling factorial.
n
(mathematics) An analog of a power set in the context of mathematical structuralism.
n
(mathematics) Any factor that multiplies an exponential function
n
The condition of being prime
n
(mathematics) The quality of being prime, or a prime number.
adj
(mathematics) Chosen or assumed among a branch of possible values of a multi-valued function so that the function is single-valued.
n
(mathematics, historical) An algorithm used in the 16th and 17th centuries to perform approximate multiplication and division using formulas from trigonometry.
n
(mathematics) A number that represents the number of items in a pyramid having a given number of sides and layers
n
A method for minimization of Boolean functions, functionally identical to Karnaugh mapping, but having a tabular form that is more efficient in computer algorithms. It is based on finding prime implicants.
n
(arithmetic) A root (of a number or quantity).
n
(mathematics) The transcendental number e^(𝜋√), an almost integer, discovered in 1859 by mathematician Charles Hermite.
n
(number theory) Given a positive integer m and a divisibility sequence Sₖ, the smallest index k such that Sₖ is divisible by m;
n
(mathematics) The complete Archimedean ordered field (of real numbers).
n
(mathematics) The smallest set containing all limits of convergent sequences of rational numbers.
n
(recreational mathematics) A number composed only of one or more occurrences of one specific digit and no other digit.
n
(mathematics) A Keith number.
n
(mathematical analysis) A zero (of an equation).
n
(arithmetic) The process or result of computing the nth root of a real or complex number.
n
(mathematics, of a set of numbers or values) The square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares.
n
(mathematics) An algorithm for finding roots of an equation.
n
(multiplication) A form of multiplication in which the powers of two in the decomposition of the multiplicand are found by writing it on the left and progressively halving the left column, discarding any remainder, until the value is 1 (or −1, in which case the eventual sum is negated), while doubling the right column.
n
(mathematics) The insertion step of the Schensted algorithm.
n
(set theory) A method for giving a definition of equivalence classes for equivalence relations on a proper class, relying on the axiom of regularity but not on the axiom of choice.
adj
(mathematics) That has properties derived directly or by extension from a semiprime.
n
(number theory) A set of general techniques for computing or estimating the size of sifted sets of integers.
n
(mathematics) A continued fraction were all of the numerators are 1.
n
(mathematics, computing) A subsidiary kernel
adj
(mathematics, music) Pertaining to a ratio of any whole number to the next below it (e.g. tfrac 3 2, tfrac 8 7, etc.).
n
(mathematics) A number in the form of a ratio where the dividend equals the divisor plus one.
n
(mathematics) in relation to a function, the set of points where the function is not zero, or the closure of that set.
n
(arithmetic) The arithmetic operator consisting of repeated exponentiation, by analogy with exponentiation being repeated multiplication and multiplication being repeated addition, ᵇa denoting a to the power of a to the power of ... to the power of a, in which a appears b times. Notation: ᵇa, a↑↑b or a→b→2
n
(mathematics) One of the earlier theorems leading to Roth's theorem (a Diophantine approximation to algebraic numbers), establishing an exponent d/2+1+ε.
n
(number theory) The branch of number theory that deals with transcendental numbers.
n
(mathematics) Any integer that is the sum of n natural numbers from 1 to n.
n
(mathematics) Either of a pair of prime numbers that differ by two.
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