n
(law) Action to obtain remedy by a person or a group in the name of the collective interest.
adj
(law) In which issues are tried through the presentation of evidence and argument by adverse parties, with no or limited inquiry by the court's own initiative.
n
(law) a hostile witness.
n
(law) The individual witness whose statement is contained in an affidavit or sworn deposition.
n
(archaic or historical) A man who (in the 1700s or 1800s) loitered around courts, offering to bear false witness.
n
(law, civil law) A postponement of the decision of a cause for further consideration or reargument.
n
(law) In the law of evidence, a document which is admissible as an exception to the hearsay rule, and which is considered self-authenticating, because it is older than a certain age (usually twenty years) and in a condition that makes it free from suspicion concerning its authenticity, and was found in a place where such a writing was likely to be kept.
v
(law) To file a document in response to a complaint.
n
(law) A court order allowing a plaintiff to go to someone's premises and seize documents (entry must be with that person's permission, but if refused would be a contempt of court). Used in extreme cases when a prospective defendant might destroy documents, especially computer files, if they knew a court case was coming.
n
(bureaucracy, law) A petition, entreaty, or other request, with the adposition for denoting the subject matter.
v
(law) To set in order, as a jury, for the trial of a cause; that is, to call them one at a time.
n
A session or inquiry made before a court or jury.
n
Alternative form of attentat [(law, obsolete) Anything whatsoever, as a ruling, by the judge of a lower court in a matter pending an appeal.]
v
(transitive, obsolete) To call to witness; to invoke.
n
(law, US): Evidence which a party to a lawsuit does not have to reveal during the discovery process because it represents the thought process of the attorney preparing for trial.
v
To deliver a testimony, especially as witness
n
(obsolete, law) A declaration made in writing, stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a law.
n
(law) A written statement or specification of the particulars of the demand for which an action at law is brought, or of a defendant's set-off against such demand, furnished by one of the parties to the other, either voluntarily or in compliance with a judge's order for that purpose.
n
(law) Signifying that a presenter has furnished probable evidence, and is worthy of further consideration, presented to a party to indict them of the crime, and legally must confess or follow through the indictment.
n
(law) An attorney's legal argument in written form for submission to a court.
n
(law) The duty upon a party in a legal proceeding to persuade the fact-finder to decide for that party on an assertion of fact; part of the burden of proof, sometimes loosely used as synonym for that term.
n
The act of one who canvases or solicits.
n
(law) The stage during trial in which the party with the burden of proof presents supporting evidence.
n
(law) A witness called to give evidence with respect to the reputation, conduct or moral standing of a party.
n
(India, Pakistan, Bangladesh) A document of accusation prepared by law enforcement to be submitted to the court.
n
A summons to appear, as before a judge.
n
An official summons or notice given to a person to appear.
v
(law, Scotland) To appear before a judge in court personally or by attorney.
v
(law) To officially require that a witness appear and testify before a court of law or other public authority, under threat of legally enforceable penalties for failure to do so.
n
(US, law, colloquial) A concurrence in an order denying rehearing en banc.
n
(politics, informal) A regular motion that serves as an informal indicator of confidence in the current leader or government.
n
Synonym of vote of confidence
n
Proof by witness; attestation; testimony.
v
(law) To conduct a cross examination; to question a hostile witness.
n
Alternative form of cross-examination [(law) The interrogation or questioning of a witness by the party against whom they have been called and examined, in an attempt to prove or reveal something false or untold during direct examination.]
v
Alternative form of cross-examine [(transitive) To question (someone) closely in order to verify facts, or information previously given.]
v
(intransitive, law) To appeal to one court to review the decision of another.
n
(law) The interrogation or questioning of a witness by the party against whom they have been called and examined, in an attempt to prove or reveal something false or untold during direct examination.
n
(UK law) A person implicated in a criminal case who turn against their accomplices by serving as a witness for the state and who may enter into a witness protection program afterwards.
n
(figuratively) An occasion to defend oneself or one's opinion.
n
(law) A person who makes a formal declaration or statement
v
(law) To issue a summons to court.
n
(law) A witness; especially one who gives information under oath, in a deposition concerning facts known to him or her.
v
(law, transitive) To interrogate and elicit testimony from during a deposition; typically done by a lawyer.
n
(law) The process of taking sworn testimony out of court; the testimony so taken.
n
(law) In a legal trial, the questioning of a witness by the attorney for the party who has called the witness to testify.
n
(law, uncountable) A pre-trial phase in which evidence is gathered.
n
A witness who gives evidence of what he or she has heard. [from 16th c.]
n
(law) Anything admitted by a court to prove or disprove alleged matters of fact in a trial.
n
(obsolete) One who examines; an examiner.
n
Interrogation, particularly by a lawyer in court or during discovery.
n
(law) the examination of a witness by the party who called them.
n
Alternative spelling of eyewitness [Someone who sees an event and can report or testify about it. [from 16th c.]]
n
Alternative spelling of eyewitness [Someone who sees an event and can report or testify about it. [from 16th c.]]
n
Someone who sees an event and can report or testify about it. [from 16th c.]
n
(law, Canada) A statement of fact and law delivered before a court
adj
(law) Of an action before a court: for which the lawyers for both sides have presented all the arguments which they are permitted to present, and for which nothing further remains but the ruling of the court.
n
(law, dated) The essential ground for action in a suit, without which there is no cause of action.
n
(law) An out-of-court statement offered in court for the truth of the matter asserted, which is normally inadmissible because it is not subject to cross-examination unless the hearsay statement falls under one of a number of exceptions.
n
(law) In a legal forum, testimony which is from an under-oath witness who is reciting an out-of-court statement, the content of which is being offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted.
n
(law) A witness who intentionally gives unfavorable evidence against the party that called him or her as its witness.
n
(law) Testimony, either oral or written, provided during a proceeding in a court of law which describes the harmful effects produced by the actions of an accused or convicted party and suffered by the victim or others, offered especially for consideration by the court in deciding an appropriate punishment.
v
(law) To have time before pleading; to have delay for mutual adjustment.
v
(law) to sue in court, raise an action against a defendant
adj
(chiefly US, law) A motion made at the start of a trial requesting that the judge rule that certain evidence may not be introduced in a trial; most common in criminal trials where evidence is subject to constitutional limitations, such as statements made without Miranda warnings.
n
Obsolete form of inquisitor. [A person who inquires, especially searchingly or ruthlessly.]
n
(law) A formal question submitted to opposing party to answer, generally governed by court rule.
n
A police interrogation of a suspect or party in an investigation.
n
(criminal law, law enforcement, England & Wales, formal) A formal interview of a suspect by the police as part of a criminal investigation, for which the suspect is entitled to legal representation. Used to determine whether or not to prosecute the suspect, and most commonly conducted following arrest, though sometimes in other circumstances.
n
Someone being interviewed, i.e. the person answering the questions.
n
(law) An act of invoking or claiming a legal right.
n
One who solicits, petitions for, appeals to a favorable attitude.
n
(civil law, Louisiana, Philippines) Any conduct by a person intended to create, modify, transfer, preserve, or extinguish a right, obligation, or legal relationship.
n
(UK, law, historical) A writ based upon the presumption that the person summoned was hiding.
v
(transitive, intransitive, chiefly dialectal) To prosecute or sue (someone), to litigate.
v
(law) To elicit information from a witness to show that the witness has knowledge of a matter before the witness testifies to the matter itself.
n
(Britain, informal) A court order forbidding publication of any information that could identify a child involved in legal proceedings.
n
(law) A person with information alleged to be material concerning a criminal proceeding, and who therefore may be detained to insure their participation in such a proceeding.
n
(law enforcement) A Miranda warning
n
(law) A notice conveyed to a prosecutor that a crime is alleged to have occurred.
n
(law) In adversarial legal systems, a statement made by either party at the beginning of a trial or comparable factfinding proceeding, in which that party lays out their case, generally including the points of fact that they intend to demonstrate and to some degree indicating the rhetorical arguments for why they should prevail.
n
(law) In adversarial legal systems, a statement made by either party at the beginning of a trial or comparable factfinding proceeding, in which that party lays out their case, generally including the points of fact that they intend to demonstrate and to some degree indicating the rhetorical arguments for why they should prevail.
n
(law) In adversarial legal systems, a statement made by a party at the beginning of a trial or comparable factfinding proceeding, in which that party lays out their case, generally including the points of fact that they intend to demonstrate and to some degree indicating the rhetorical arguments for why they should prevail.
n
(law) A portion of a legal proceeding wherein the attorneys present their argument by speaking directly to the judge and answering the judge's questions.
adj
(law) Of testimony, presented orally.
n
(law, archaic) A hearing in a civil case which is based on the content of a document, in which the plaintiff is required to produce the document.
v
(law) To be formally referred for trial from a lower court to a higher one.
n
A moment during legal or judicial proceedings when evidence or other information, usually unknown to most present, is introduced into the record in a manner seen as determinative of the outcome of the proceedings regardless of whatever else occurs.
n
(politics) A motion by a member of a meeting in order to ask a question.
n
(law) an action in which any person may sue for penalty imposed by statute.
n
(sociology) A form of affirmative action that attempts to assist members of an underrepresented group without prejudicing the criteria of selection by merit.
n
(law) A statement made on oath by a jury.
n
(politics) In parliamentary procedure, a call to end debate on a pending proposal and bring it to an immediate vote.
n
(law) Any legal action, especially one that is not a lawsuit.
n
Someone who or something that proclaims.
n
(law) The person who proposes a contract (or one of its clauses)
n
(law) The production or display of recorded evidence in court.
n
(US, law) A written agreement between a prosecutor and a defendant or prospective witness, allowing the latter to give the prosecutor information about an alleged crime, while limiting the prosecutor's ability to use that information against them.
v
To call as a witness in affirming or denying, or to prove an affirmation; to appeal to.
n
(law, Victoria (Australia)) The putting of questions to a witness during cross-examination in accordance with the Rule in Browne v Dunn, specifically, questions that present a version of events that contradicts the witness's own testimony in order to elicit denials or explanations.
n
(law, civil law) An action brought by the defendant against the plaintiff before the same judge
n
(law) An examination of a witness, following redirect, by the opposing party.
n
(law) An examination of a witness, following cross-examination, by the party that conducted the direct examination.
n
(law, chiefly US) Formal deliverance of a verdict.
n
One who, or that which, makes a request.
n
One who makes requisition; especially, one authorized by a requisition to investigate facts.
n
(law) The delay of appearance at court granted to a jury beyond the proper term.
v
(law) To conclude one's presentation of the evidence during a trial.
adj
(law) Of a conflict between parties, having developed to a stage where the conflict may be reviewed by a court of law.
v
To witness or observe by personal experience.
n
(law) The delivery of information to a person or entity providing notice that they are being sued with sufficient detail for them to respond to the suit.
v
(law, England, Wales) In English law, to argue against the confirmation of a provisional order or judgment.
n
A trial held for appearance's sake, but whose verdict is predetermined, especially a "guilty" verdict with the purpose of making an example of the accused.
v
(law, Scotland) to cause to take a place, as at the bar of a court; hence, to cite; to summon; to bring into court
n
The act of one who solicits.
v
(law) To be put on trial in a court of law; go on trial.
n
(law) The right of a party to bring a legal action, based on the relationship between that party and the matter to which the action relates.
n
(law) Court testimony from a person involved in a criminal activity case, implicating other people in crimes, usually given in exchange for leniency from the prosecutor.
n
(Canada, US) Alternative form of subpoena [(law, historical) A writ requiring a defendant to appear in court to answer a plaintiff's claim.]
n
(law, historical) A writ requiring a defendant to appear in court to answer a plaintiff's claim.
n
(law) A writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court.
n
(law) A writ requiring someone to appear in court to give testimony, and to bring something (usually documents) to accompany that testimony.
n
(law) An award granted by a court requiring on party to pay a portion of the costs associated with a lawsuit for another party.
n
(law) The determination by a court that no relevant factual issues are being presented, and that the case to be decided has no basis and so cannot be allowed to proceed.
n
(law) Certain statutory remedies taken without the formal bringing of an action by process and pleading.
n
(law) A notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness.
n
(law) A writ requiring a lower court to suspend an action.
n
(law) A legal action intended to set a precedent.
n
A tangible proof or tribute.
n
(historical, Scotland) A certificate of good character that was required to allow travel between parishes in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
n
The act of testifying, or giving testimony or evidence.
n
A person testified against (by a testifier)
n
One who testifies; a witness.
n
A statement, especially one given under oath; testimony
v
(transitive, intransitive) To give testimony (of).
n
Obsolete spelling of testimony [(law) Statements made by a witness in court.]
n
(sociology) A first-hand account of politically charged experiences; an oral history narrative.
n
(law) Statements made by a witness in court.
n
Appearance at judicial court in order to be examined.
n
(law) A grand jury's document endorsing the indictment it was to decide on, indicating that a criminal trial is appropriate.
v
(Britain, law) Of a person accused of a crime, to give evidence against one's accomplices in the hope of receiving a lighter punishment. Used when the British monarch is female; see also turn king's evidence.
n
(law) a hostile witness.
n
A written or oral statement by the victim of a crime, made as part of the judicial process to convey the impact that the crime has had upon the victim.
v
(intransitive) to cast a vote; to assert a formalized choice in an election
v
To call on (someone) to be a witness to something.
n
(US) A public notice that a service provider has not received a secret government subpoena for their customers' data that they would be prohibited from saying they had received.
n
(law) Abbreviation of witness. [(uncountable) Attestation of a fact or event; testimony.]
n
(countable, law) Someone called to give evidence in a court.
n
(chiefly Britain) A witness stand in a courtroom.
n
A government program that provides new identities and protection for witnesses who come forward and testify in court against dangerous targets.
n
(chiefly US) An enclosed area in a courtroom where witnesses give their evidence.
n
(rare) The role or status of a witness.
n
The US Marshals witness security program
n
(law) A writ issued in certain actions at law, where the defendant has suffered judgment to pass against him by default, in order to ascertain and assess the plaintiff's damages, where they cannot readily be ascertained by mere calculation.
n
(law) a witness who has favoritism towards one party in a case.
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