Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (formerly Article 81 of the Treaty Establishing the European Community) prohibits cartels and other agreements that could disrupt free competition in the European Economic Area's internal market.

(formerly Article 82 of the Treaty establishing the European Community) aimed at preventing businesses in an industry from abusing their positions by colluding to fix prices or taking action to prevent new businesses from gaining a foothold in the industry.