(linguistics, phonetics) An articulation that involves the expansion of the pharyngeal cavity by moving the base of the tongue forward and often lowering the larynx during the pronunciation of a vowel.

(linguistics, often attributive) An articulation involving retraction of the tongue root.

In phonetics, advanced tongue root and retracted tongue root are contrasting states of the root of the tongue during the pronunciation of vowels in some languages, especially in Western and Eastern Africa, but also in Kazakh and Mongolian.