The Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, also called Framework Programmes or abbreviated FP1 to FP9, are funding programmes created by the European Union/European Commission to support and foster research in the European Research Area.

The (CNPq, , earlier ) a government agency under the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Brazilian federal government.

a strategy of technology governance aiming to decrease risks from emerging technologies by influencing the sequence in which they are developed.