(historical) A former country, the name for a leftist state in Europe and Africa that existed from 1931 to 1939.

The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.

The French Second Republic (or ), officially the French Republic, was the second republican government of France.

The Second Philippine Republic, officially the Republic of the Philippines and also known as the Japanese-sponsored Philippine Republic, was a Japanese-backed government established on October 14, 1943, during the Japanese occupation of the islands until its dissolution on August 17, 1945.

The East Turkestan Republic was a satellite state of the Soviet Union in northern Xinjiang (East Turkestan) that existed from 1944 to 1946.

The Second Federal Republic of Mexico refers to the period of Mexican history involving a second attempt to establish a federal government in Mexico after the fall of the unitary Centralist Republic of Mexico in 1846 at the start of the Mexican-American War.

The Second Czechoslovak Republic (Czech and ), officially the Czecho-Slovak Republic (Czech and Slovak: Česko-Slovenská republika), existed for 169 days, between 30 September 1938 and 15 March 1939.