Nutcracker esophagus, jackhammer esophagus, or hypercontractile peristalsis, is a disorder of the movement of the esophagus characterized by contractions in the smooth muscle of the esophagus in a normal sequence but at an excessive amplitude or duration.
The nutcracker syndrome results most commonly from the compression of the left renal vein between the abdominal aorta and superior mesenteric artery, although other variants exist.