Over the course of some fourteen centuries, the Romans and other peoples of Italy employed a system of nomenclature that differed from that used by other cultures of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea, consisting of a combination of personal and family names.

United States ship naming conventions for the U.S. Navy were established by congressional action at least as early as 1862.

In ancient times, only the Sun and Moon, a few stars, and the most easily visible planets had names.

Naming conventions for women in ancient Rome differed from nomenclature for men, and practice changed dramatically from the Early Republic to the High Empire and then into Late Antiquity.

The International Phonetic Alphabet requires specific names for the symbols and diacritics used in the alphabet.