An empire of the Mongols and Turkic peoples which existed in Asia from 1206 to 1368 and became the largest contiguous land empire in human history, stretching from Central Europe east to the Sea of Japan and from Siberia south to the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East.

Ruling family of Mongol Empire.

Autonomous region in northern China.

Historic ethnic groups, Central Asia.

Birthmark, bluish-gray, common in infants.

Major military efforts were taken by Kublai Khan of the Yuan dynasty in 1274 and 1281 to conquer the Japanese archipelago after the submission of the Korean kingdom of Goryeo to vassaldom.

From the 1220s into the 1240s, the Mongols conquered the Turkic states of Volga Bulgaria, Cumania and Iranian state of Alania, and various principalities in Eastern Europe.

The Mongol invasions and conquests took place during the 13th and 14th centuries, creating history's largest contiguous empire, the Mongol Empire, which by 1260 covered large parts of Eurasia.