The First Turkic Khaganate, also referred to as the First Turkic Empire, the Turkic Khaganate or the Göktürk Khaganate, was a Turkic khaganate established by the Ashina clan of the Göktürks in medieval Inner Asia under the leadership of Bumin Qaghan (d. 552) and his brother Istämi.

The Rouran Khaganate, also known as Ruanruan or Juan-juan (or variously Jou-jan, Ruruan, Ju-juan, Ruru, Ruirui, Rouru, Rouruan or Tantan), was a tribal confederation and later state founded by a people of Proto-Mongolic Donghu origin.

The (also Uyghur Empire or Uighur Khaganate, self defined as Toquz-Oghuz country; , Tang-era names, with modern Hanyu Pinyin: or ) a Turkic empire that existed for about a century between the mid 8th and 9th centuries.

The Western Turkic Khaganate or Onoq Khaganate V. Thomsen, Turcica, p. 4–17 was a Turkic khaganate in Eurasia, formed as a result of the wars in the beginning of the 7th century after the split of the First Turkic Khaganate (founded in the 6th century on the Mongolian Plateau by the Ashina clan), into a western and an eastern Khaganate.

Rus' Khaganate (Russkiy kaganat, , Ruśkyj kahanat), or kaganate of Rus is a name applied by some modern historians to a hypothetical polity suggested to have existed during a poorly documented period in the history of Eastern Europe between 830 and the 890s.

The Second Turkic Khaganate (Sigfried J. de Laet, Ahmad Hasan Dani, Jose Luis Lorenzo, Richard B. Nunoo

a Turkic khaganate formed as a result of the internecine wars in the beginning of the 7th century after the First Turkic Khaganate (founded in the 6th century in the Mongolian Plateau by the Ashina clan) had splintered into two polities – one in the east and the other in the west.