Under the Constitution of Singapore, the judicial system of Singapore is divided into the Supreme Court which comprises the Court of Appeal and the High Court, and the subordinate courts, namely the State Courts and Family Justice Courts.

The judicial branch, organized under the constitution and organic law, is one of five organs of state power elected by the National People's Congress, in the People's Republic of China.

In the judicial system of Japan, the Constitution of Japan guarantees that "all judges shall be independent in the exercise of their conscience and shall be bound only by this constitution and the Laws" (Article 76).

The Islamic Republic of Iran was founded after the 1979 overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty by the Islamic Revolution, and its legal code is based on Islamic law or sharia, although many aspects of civil law have been retained, and it is integrated into a civil law legal system.

The judicial system of Turkey is defined by Articles 138 to 160 of the Constitution of Turkey.

The judicial system of the United Arab Emirates is divided into federal courts and local courts.