Influential painter, color theory innovator.

Austrian architect, designer, and co-founder.

(20 August 1827 – 22 July 1870) an Austrian composer.

(15 January 1842 – 20 June 1925) an Austrian physician who made discoveries in neurophysiology, and whose work during the 1880s with his patient Bertha Pappenheim, known as Anna O., led to the development of the "cathartic method" (also referred to as the "talking cure") for psychiatric disorders.

Nazi doctor, infamous for atrocities.

Josef Pieper (4 May 1904 – 6 November 1997)"Josef Pieper, Philosopher of Virtue" IgnatiusInsight.com. Retrieved 2011-07-20. was a German Catholic philosopher and an important figure in the resurgence of interest in the thought of Thomas Aquinas in early-to-mid 20th-century philosophy.

Josef Casimir Hofmann (originally Józef Kazimierz Hofmann; January 20, 1876February 16, 1957) was a Polish-American pianist, composer, music teacher, and inventor.

Josef Alois Krips (8 April 1902 – 13 October 1974) was an Austrian conductor and violinist.

(4 January 1874 – 29 May 1935) a Czech composer, violinist, and Olympic silver medalist.

(24 March 1835 – 7 January 1893) a Carinthian Slovene physicist, mathematician, and poet of the Austrian Empire.

(10 November 1906 – 13 December 1945) a and the Commandant of Auschwitz-Birkenau (from 8 May 1944 to 25 November 1944) and of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (from December 1944 to its liberation on 15 April 1945).

Josef Herman (3 January 1911 – 19 February 2000), was a highly regarded Polish-British painter who influenced contemporary art, particularly in the United Kingdom.

(15 August 1910 – 25 July 2001) an Austrian politician of the conservative People's Party.