the mutual dependence of the participants in an economic system who trade in order to obtain the products they cannot produce efficiently for themselves.

Complex interdependence in international relations and international political economy is a concept put forth by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye in the 1970s to describe the emerging nature of the global political economy.

a social exchange theory that states that interpersonal relationships are defined through interpersonal interdependence, which is "the process by which interacting people influence one another's experiences"Van Lange, P.A., & Balliet, D.. Interdependence Theory.

an element of cooperative and collaborative learning where members of a group who share common goals perceive that working together is individually and collectively beneficial, and success depends on the participation of all the members.