defined by sociologist John R. Schermerhorn as the "...degree to which the people affected by decision are treated by dignity and respect" (Organizational Behavior, 2013).

part of a more complex classification of expertise developed by Harry Collins and Robert Evans (both based at Cardiff University).Collins, H.M. and Evans, R.J. ‘The Third Wave of Science Studies: Studies of Expertise and Experience’, Social Studies of Sciences, Vol.