a branch of theoretical computer science that concerns itself with the relationship between computation and information of computably generated objects (as opposed to stochastically generated), such as strings or any other data structure.

Information theory adapted to deal with information held and/or handled by quantum systems, i.e., in which information is measured in qubits instead of classical bits.

Statistical inference might be thought of as gambling theory applied to the world around us.

Integrated information theory proposes a mathematical model for the consciousness of a system.

the approach to the study of cognitive development evolved out of the American experimental tradition in psychology.