For centuries, there have been movements to reform the spelling of the English language.

An idiom is a common word or phrase with a figurative, non-literal meaning that is understood culturally and differs from what its composite words' denotations would suggest; i.e. the words together have a meaning that is different from the dictionary definitions of the individual words (although some idioms do retain their literal meanings – see the example "kick the bucket" below).

English-language education in Japan began as early as 1600 with the initial contacts between the Japanese and Europeans.

In English, many vowel shifts affect only vowels followed by in rhotic dialects, or vowels that were historically followed by that has been elided in non-rhotic dialects.

An original English-language manga or OEL manga is a comic book or graphic novel drawn in the style of manga and originally published in English.