The landlocked developing countries are developing countries that are landlocked.

The debt of developing countries usually refers to the external debt incurred by governments of developing countries.

a preferential trade agreement, currently encompassing 42 members ("participants"), signed on 13 April 1988 with the aim of increasing trade between developing countries.

Civil service reform is a deliberate action to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, professionalism, representativity and democratic character of a civil service, with a view to promoting better delivery of public goods and services, with increased accountability.