In microeconomics, a consumer's Hicksian demand function or compensated demand function for a good is their quantity demanded as part of the solution to minimizing their expenditure on all goods while delivering a fixed level of utility.

In microeconomics, a consumer's (named after Alfred Marshall) the quantity they demand of a particular good as a function of its price, their income, and the prices of other goods, a more technical exposition of the standard demand function.

In microeconomics, excess demand, also known as shortage, is a phenomenon where the demand for goods and services exceeds that which the firms can produce.