(physics) The dependence of any magnetic property of a material on the direction in which it is measured.

(physics) Energy stored in a ferromagnetic material as a result of the work done by the rotation of its magnetization

Direction-dependent light propagation properties.

anisotropy or polarization of the light emitted by a fluorophore

the directional dependence of the velocity of seismic waves in a medium (rock) within the Earth.

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, originally known as the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP and Explorer 80), was a NASA spacecraft operating from 2001 to 2010 which measured temperature differences across the sky in the cosmic microwave background – the radiant heat remaining from the Big Bang.