Literary notes about without (AI summary)
In literature, the word "without" is a versatile device used to indicate absence, exclusion, or a lack of necessity, often heightening the impact of a statement or action. Philosophers and thinkers use it to highlight independence or separation, as Schopenhauer does when describing an immaterial soul acting "without co-operation of the body" [1]. Novelists and storytellers employ "without" to underscore surprising behavior or omissions in character actions—for instance, Twain’s depiction of an uninvited arrival [2] or Maupassant’s portrayal of a character acting "without knowing why" [3]. This preposition also serves to set contrasts or emphasize deficits, as seen when essential qualities or elements, like light or harmony, are deliberately omitted to enhance meaning [4][5]. In each case, "without" not only denotes absence but also subtly shapes tone and context, inviting readers to consider how what is missing affects the overall narrative or philosophical argument.
- In its higher faculty the immaterial soul was active solely by itself, and without co-operation of the body.
— from The Basis of Morality by Arthur Schopenhauer - Father Adolf followed; also, after a little, the astrologer, without invitation.
— from The Mysterious Stranger, and Other Stories by Mark Twain - I put the pillow over them, without knowing why.
— from Complete Original Short Stories of Guy De Maupassant by Guy de Maupassant - It must have been cold there... and it is from there that you have brought this bad habit of doing without light and wine.
— from Best Russian Short Stories - She was fair of skin, but a flighty vain coquette, without heart or brains—a second Madame d'Espard, except for her lack of intelligence.
— from Repertory of The Comedie Humaine, Complete, A — Z by Cerfberr and Christophe