Literary notes about virtu (AI summary)
The term "virtu" has been employed in literature with a remarkable flexibility, shifting in nuance according to context and authorial intent. In the works of Italian masters like Dante, "virtu" connotes a blend of divine excellence and human capability—a celebrated force that both inspires and judges, as seen in passages urging divine guidance and lamenting the loss of a transcendent quality ([1], [2], [3], [4]). This classical sense of nobility and power is juxtaposed with more modern, sometimes ironic, treatments in English literature; for instance, Edgar Allan Poe uses "virtu" in ways that suggest both an admirable quality and a subject of skepticism or mockery ([5], [6], [7]). Meanwhile, Milton’s poetic evocation hints at a blooming or flourishing excellence ([8]), and even Nietzsche’s philosophical discourse ties the term to a notion of natural order or intrinsic worth ([9]). In an intriguing departure from these lofty uses, "virtu" also appears in a more mundane context in William H. Ukers’ discussion of coffee culture ([10]), illustrating how the word has traversed genres and epochs to capture diverse aspects of excellence, be they aesthetic, moral, or cultural.
- O somma sapienza, quanta e` l'arte che mostri in cielo, in terra e nel mal mondo, e quanto giusto tua virtu` comparte!
— from Divina Commedia di Dante: Inferno by Dante Alighieri - <virtu` s'ell'e` possente, prima ch'a l'alto passo tu mi fidi.
— from Divina Commedia di Dante: Inferno by Dante Alighieri - Quando giungon davanti a la ruina, quivi le strida, il compianto, il lamento; bestemmian quivi la virtu` divina.
— from Divina Commedia di Dante: Inferno by Dante Alighieri - <virtu` somma, che per li empi giri mi volvi>>, cominciai, <— from Divina Commedia di Dante: Inferno by Dante Alighieri
- “What a piece of virtu!”
— from The Works of Edgar Allan Poe, The Raven Edition by Edgar Allan Poe - Many are chosen, as you see, with little deference to the opinions of Virtu.
— from The Works of Edgar Allan Poe, The Raven Edition by Edgar Allan Poe - Many are chosen, as you see, with little deference to the opinions of Virtu.
— from The Works of Edgar Allan Poe — Volume 2 by Edgar Allan Poe - i don', che son d'amor saette ed arco, La onde l' alta tua virtu s'infiora.
— from The Poetical Works of John Milton by John Milton - QUAND IL EST BON QU'IL VEUT QUE LA VIRTU CORRESPONDE
— from Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche - Magri, D. Virtu del Kafe, bevanda introdotta nuovamente nell' Italia.
— from All About Coffee by William H. Ukers