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Literary notes about retraction (AI summary)

The word "retraction" has been employed in literature to capture both the act of formally withdrawing statements and even a physical gesture. In narrative and historical contexts, authors use "retraction" to denote the recanting of claims or opinions, as seen in Ida B. Wells-Barnett’s call for an "honest and unequivocal retraction" ([1]) and the explicit recantations surrounding José Rizal’s controversial positions in Austin Craig’s work ([2], [3], [4][5]). Meanwhile, in dramatic and social interactions, characters are depicted being forced or expected to retract their words, such as Sir Mulberry’s potential retraction in Dickens’ narrative ([6]) and the demand for a retraction in Jefferson’s account ([7]). Additionally, the term extends into descriptions of involuntary physical reactions, with Charles Darwin noting the retraction of the upper lip during expressions of rage ([8]) and similar subtle facial movements associated with emotions ([9]). This varied usage underscores the word's flexibility in capturing both moral and physical withdrawal across literary genres.
  1. I waited for an honest an unequivocal retraction of her statements based on "hearsay.
    — from The Red Record by Ida B. Wells-Barnett
  2. The writer believes Rizal made a retraction, was married canonically, and was given what was intended to be Christian burial.
    — from Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, Philippine Patriot by Austin Craig
  3. The prisoner, the priests, and all the Spanish officials present knelt at the altar, at Rizal’s suggestion, while he read his retraction aloud.
    — from Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, Philippine Patriot by Austin Craig
  4. His marriage was made contingent upon his signing a retraction of his published heresies.
    — from Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, Philippine Patriot by Austin Craig
  5. Then the theatrical reading aloud of his retraction before the altar does not conform to Rizal’s known character.
    — from Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, Philippine Patriot by Austin Craig
  6. That blow, unless there is a full retraction on the part of Sir Mulberry, Lord Frederick is ready to justify.’
    — from Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens
  7. Swartout quickly demanded a retraction, which Clinton declined unless the Marshal first withdrew his offensive words.
    — from The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America by Thomas Jefferson
  8. Dr. Piderit ('Mimik,' &c., s. 82) also speaks of the retraction of the upper lip during rage.
    — from The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin
  9. man in high spirits, though he may not actually smile, commonly exhibits some tendency to the retraction of the corners of his mouth.
    — from The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin

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