Literary notes about retraction (AI summary)
The word "retraction" has been employed in literature to capture both the act of formally withdrawing statements and even a physical gesture. In narrative and historical contexts, authors use "retraction" to denote the recanting of claims or opinions, as seen in Ida B. Wells-Barnett’s call for an "honest and unequivocal retraction" ([1]) and the explicit recantations surrounding José Rizal’s controversial positions in Austin Craig’s work ([2], [3], [4]–[5]). Meanwhile, in dramatic and social interactions, characters are depicted being forced or expected to retract their words, such as Sir Mulberry’s potential retraction in Dickens’ narrative ([6]) and the demand for a retraction in Jefferson’s account ([7]). Additionally, the term extends into descriptions of involuntary physical reactions, with Charles Darwin noting the retraction of the upper lip during expressions of rage ([8]) and similar subtle facial movements associated with emotions ([9]). This varied usage underscores the word's flexibility in capturing both moral and physical withdrawal across literary genres.
- I waited for an honest an unequivocal retraction of her statements based on "hearsay.
— from The Red Record by Ida B. Wells-Barnett - The writer believes Rizal made a retraction, was married canonically, and was given what was intended to be Christian burial.
— from Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, Philippine Patriot by Austin Craig - The prisoner, the priests, and all the Spanish officials present knelt at the altar, at Rizal’s suggestion, while he read his retraction aloud.
— from Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, Philippine Patriot by Austin Craig - His marriage was made contingent upon his signing a retraction of his published heresies.
— from Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, Philippine Patriot by Austin Craig - Then the theatrical reading aloud of his retraction before the altar does not conform to Rizal’s known character.
— from Lineage, Life and Labors of José Rizal, Philippine Patriot by Austin Craig - That blow, unless there is a full retraction on the part of Sir Mulberry, Lord Frederick is ready to justify.’
— from Nicholas Nickleby by Charles Dickens - Swartout quickly demanded a retraction, which Clinton declined unless the Marshal first withdrew his offensive words.
— from The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America by Thomas Jefferson - Dr. Piderit ('Mimik,' &c., s. 82) also speaks of the retraction of the upper lip during rage.
— from The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin - man in high spirits, though he may not actually smile, commonly exhibits some tendency to the retraction of the corners of his mouth.
— from The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals by Charles Darwin