Literary notes about refinement (AI summary)
The term refinement in literature is employed with a rich diversity of meanings. It can denote cultivated social manners and intellectual grace, as when characters are described as possessing an innate elegance or a cultured upbringing ([1], [2], [3]). At the same time, refinement is often used as a comparative marker, emphasizing a disparity between the polished and the crude—from the unrefined brutality of a character to the delicate, artful touch in creative work ([4], [5], [6]). In some contexts, it even extends to technical or methodological processes, suggesting the removal of impurities or the attainment of a perfected form ([7]). Thus, whether highlighting subtle social distinctions or the quality of art and technique, refinement remains a multifaceted concept in literary discourse ([8], [9]).
- She was a woman of education, refinement and marked ability, and enjoyed an intimate friendship with some of the best families of New York.
— from The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony (Volume 1 of 2) by Ida Husted Harper - The poet's mother was a woman of refinement and social grace, with a deep interest in religion and in local charities.
— from English Literature by William J. Long - Among them were many noted for their culture and refinement, and for their attainments in the departments of literature, medicine, divinity and law.
— from The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony (Volume 1 of 2) by Ida Husted Harper - Tell her what Heathcliff is: an unreclaimed creature, without refinement, without cultivation; an arid wilderness of furze and whinstone.
— from Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë - He has neither taste nor refinement; he is amused by everything and pleased by nothing.
— from Reflections; or Sentences and Moral Maxims by François duc de La Rochefoucauld - Hallward painted away with that marvellous bold touch of his, that had the true refinement and perfect delicacy that come only from strength.
— from The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde - The naphtha then undergoes the process of refinement.
— from The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America by Thomas Jefferson - ‘Here we have a striking example of one of the manifold advantages of civilisation and refinement.
— from The Pickwick Papers by Charles Dickens - The refinement and grace of its beauty appeal to our aesthetic sense as no other flower can.
— from Bushido, the Soul of Japan by Inazo Nitobe