Across these various texts, “public” commonly denotes a sphere shared or observed by many people, contrasted with private or individual matters. For example, it is tied to deliberate displays meant for communal witness—like living a “public life” in a “cage” [1] or holding a marriage announcement “made public” [2]. It can also represent collective resources and authority, such as works in the “public domain” [3], “public property” [4], or “public law” [5]. Furthermore, “public opinion” can be a powerful force influencing individual choices [6, 7], upheld or challenged in different contexts. Finally, “public spirit” and “public interest” underscore civic responsibility in broader social affairs [8, 9].