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Literary notes about hardened (AI summary)

In literature, “hardened” is a richly versatile term that functions across both tangible and abstract realms. Authors often use it to depict materials that have been transformed by nature or fire into unyielding substance, as in walls of hardened earth or fore-wings hardened by evolution ([1], [2], [3]). Equally, the term characterizes characters or hearts that have grown impervious through suffering or steadfast resolution, suggesting both a protective rigidity and, at times, moral callousness ([4], [5], [6]). In religious discourse, “hardened” conveys themes of stubborn defiance or divine judgment, where a heart is set against repentance ([7], [8], [9]). This layered use provides a vivid sensory and emotional texture to narratives, evoking images of both physically and spiritually unyielding conditions.
  1. The waters are hardened like a stone, and the surface of the deep is congealed.
    — from The Bible, Douay-Rheims, Complete
  2. ELYTRA.—The hardened fore-wings of Beetles, serving as sheaths for the membranous hind-wings, which constitute the true organs of flight.
    — from The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection by Charles Darwin
  3. The torrent flowed along the surface of the hardened tufa, and destroyed the few meager skeletons of trees which had withstood the first eruption.
    — from The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne
  4. He had hardened himself against adversity.—-“Continue!”
    — from Notre-Dame de Paris by Victor Hugo
  5. She went, with a heavy, hardened kind of sorrow upon her, into the house and into her mother’s room.
    — from Hard Times by Charles Dickens
  6. A triumph over my soft heart has hardened your heart; since you won it so easily, too quickly have you despised it!
    — from Pan Tadeusz; or, The last foray in Lithuania by Adam Mickiewicz
  7. And Pharao's heart was hardened, so that neither this time would he let the people go.
    — from The Bible, Douay-Rheims, Complete
  8. But thou hast hardened thy heart, and hast spread thy hands to him.
    — from The Bible, Douay-Rheims, Complete
  9. And Pharao's heart was hardened, and he did not let the people go. 9:8.
    — from The Bible, Douay-Rheims, Complete

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