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Literary notes about deface (AI summary)

The literary use of "deface" illustrates its evolution from a literal act of physical vandalism to a more metaphorical action of tarnishing reputations or ideals. In early documents, as seen in Thomas Jefferson’s declarations ([1], [2], [3]), the term carries a weighty sense of obliteration—rendering something unrecognizable or completely spoiled. This idea is echoed in Biblical and historical texts such as Flavius Josephus’s account ([4]), where divine retribution is promised to deface an entire city, imbuing the act with symbolic moral judgment. In contrast, by the 19th century, authors like Victor Hugo ([5]) employed "deface" to depict a tangible, rebellious act against societal constructs, while Thomas Hardy’s poetic lines ([6], [7]) use the term to foreshadow the eventual erosion of personal legacy and honor. Thus, across literature, "deface" has transitioned from marking physical destruction to encapsulating the broader, often irreversible decay of character and societal values.
  1. Diffacen , v. to deface, MD; deface , to obliterate, C2; defaste , pp. , S3.—OF. deffacer .
    — from The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America by Thomas Jefferson
  2. I haue to liue hearing this reporte: which doth deface and blotte all the honestie and vertue that euer remaiued in mee.”
    — from The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America by Thomas Jefferson
  3. Diffacen , v. to deface, MD; deface , to obliterate, C2; defaste , pp. , S3.—OF. deffacer .
    — from The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America by Thomas Jefferson
  4. God says to thee, Nineveh, that they shall deface thee, and the lion shall no longer go out from thee to give laws to the world."
    — from Antiquities of the Jews by Flavius Josephus
  5. At the corner of the Rue Vivienne a man was stopping before a placard and was trying to deface it or to tear it down.
    — from The History of a Crime by Victor Hugo
  6. Henchard walked blankly, like a blind man, repeating to himself the last words of the singers— “And the next age his hated name Shall utterly deface.”
    — from The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy
  7. A swift destruction soon shall seize On his unhappy race; And the next age his hated name Shall utterly deface.”
    — from The Mayor of Casterbridge by Thomas Hardy

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