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Literary notes about churl (AI summary)

In literature, “churl” is employed as a multifaceted descriptor for characters who are often portrayed as uncultured, surly, or of low birth. It frequently functions as an insult, denoting someone lacking both refinement and honor—as when a character is admonished as unworthy or base in behavior [1, 2, 3]. At times, authors even let a character self-identify in a self-deprecating manner, suggesting an awareness of their own shortcomings [4]. In works that span from the medieval sagas [5, 6] to the dramas of Shakespeare [7, 8], the term underscores the social divisions between the nobility and the common folk, while also highlighting the enduring tension between raw, sometimes comical human nature and the dignified, heroic ideal.
  1. Go to; thou art a churl, and a derision, and a bye-word among thy kindred and people, and not worthy to be called by their name.
    — from The Three Perils of Man; or, War, Women, and Witchcraft, Vol. 2 (of 3) by James Hogg
  2. A churl knows not the worth of spurs (i. e. honour ).
    — from A Polyglot of Foreign Proverbs
  3. The base-hearted churl has failed to understand the meaning of true, honest sympathy.”
    — from Stories By English Authors: Italy (Selected by Scribners)
  4. I am a churl,” said Morley; “I know I am a churl.
    — from Sybil, Or, The Two Nations by Earl of Beaconsfield Benjamin Disraeli
  5. 2. Who is the churl of churls, that cries across the water?
    — from The Elder Eddas of Saemund Sigfusson; and the Younger Eddas of Snorre Sturleson by Sæmundur fróði
  6. He the hall entered, the icebergs resounded, as the churl approached; the thicket on his cheeks was frozen.
    — from The Elder Eddas of Saemund Sigfusson; and the Younger Eddas of Snorre Sturleson by Sæmundur fróði
  7. Churl, upon thy eyes I throw All the power this charm doth owe: When thou wak'st let love forbid Sleep his seat on thy eyelid.
    — from The Complete Works of William Shakespeare by William Shakespeare
  8. Good meat, sir, is common; that every churl affords.
    — from The Complete Works of William Shakespeare by William Shakespeare

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