Literary notes about appalled (AI summary)
The term "appalled" is employed by authors to convey an intense, often visceral reaction of shock, revulsion, or dismay. It describes moments when characters are confronted with experiences or revelations so horrifying or unexpected that they are overcome with a physical or emotional response. In some narratives, the word captures the protagonist’s internal turmoil when faced with unsettling changes in circumstance or moral degradation (as seen in [1] and [2]). In other works, it illustrates the sheer impact of a dramatic, often grim scene that leaves characters unable to respond normally, whether due to the vivid horror of death or the weight of guilt ([3], [4], [5]). Authors also use "appalled" to highlight societal or intellectual chasms, confronting the reader with the unyielding, sometimes paralyzing force of dramatic situations ([6], [7]). This layering of emotion makes "appalled" a powerful tool in literature, capable of evoking both personal and collective shock.