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Literary notes about Vassal (AI summary)

The term “vassal” is invoked in literature to denote a range of relationships marked by loyalty, duty, and often subservience to a higher authority. In medieval epics and ancient tales, characters proudly declare their status as vassals to illustrate feudal bonds and honor, as seen when a warrior identifies himself as Higelac’s vassal in one classic narrative [1, 2, 3] or when loyalty is extolled in the poetic exchange of greetings between lord and retainer [4, 5]. Historical accounts and legal treatises also deploy the term to discuss the intricate obligations between lords and their dependents, emphasizing rights over land and the inalienable ties of fealty [6, 7, 8, 9]. Moreover, playwrights and poets, such as Shakespeare, use “vassal” figuratively to express both literal servitude and more abstract bonds of emotional or moral obligation [10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16]. This diverse usage across genres highlights how the term embodies the complex interplay of power, honor, and subordination in both literal feudal systems and their metaphorical extensions in literature.
  1. I am Higelac’s kinsman And vassal forsooth; many a wonder I dared as a stripling.
    — from Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem
  2. He glanced ’long the building, And turned by the wall then, Higelac’s vassal Raging and wrathful raised his battle-sword Strong by the handle.
    — from Beowulf: An Anglo-Saxon Epic Poem
  3. þegn , st. m., thane, liegeman, king's higher vassal; knight : nom.
    — from I. Beówulf: an Anglo-Saxon poem. II. The fight at Finnsburh: a fragment.
  4. And he greets thee well, as an uncle should greet his nephew, and as a vassal should greet his lord.
    — from The Mabinogion
  5. “And art thou Arthur’s vassal?” “Yes, by my faith,” said Gwalchmai.
    — from The Mabinogion
  6. That the lord should not alienate the fief of his vassal without his consent.” consent.” 50 .
    — from Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, v. 1 of 3 by James Tod
  7. —It has always been a subject of doubt whether grants were resumable at pleasure, or without some delinquency imputable to the vassal.
    — from Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, v. 1 of 3 by James Tod
  8. No. XVI Warrant of the Chief of Bijolli to his Vassal, Gopaldas Saktawat.
    — from Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, v. 1 of 3 by James Tod
  9. For the government of the districts there were conjoined a civil and a military officer: the latter generally a vassal of the second rank.
    — from Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan, v. 1 of 3 by James Tod
  10. More fairer than fair, beautiful than beauteous, truer than truth itself, have commiseration on thy heroical vassal.
    — from The Complete Works of William Shakespeare by William Shakespeare
  11. [ Aside ] I must obey: his art is of such power, It would control my dam’s god, Setebos, And make a vassal of him.
    — from The Tempest by William Shakespeare
  12. I am his fortune's vassal and I send him
    — from The Complete Works of William Shakespeare by William Shakespeare
  13. Well, I know not What counts harsh fortune casts upon my face; But in my bosom shall she never come To make my heart her vassal.
    — from The Complete Works of William Shakespeare by William Shakespeare
  14. It is impossible that I should die By such a lowly vassal as thyself.
    — from The Complete Works of William Shakespeare by William Shakespeare
  15. Than I to your Highness; who, being born your vassal, Am something nearer.
    — from The Complete Works of William Shakespeare by William Shakespeare
  16. O, be remember'd, no outrageous thing From vassal actors can he wip'd away; Then kings' misdeeds cannot be hid in clay.
    — from The Complete Works of William Shakespeare by William Shakespeare

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