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Literary notes about Specimen (AI summary)

The word "specimen" in literature has been employed in a remarkably multifaceted way, serving both as a literal sample and as a metaphor for a model or archetype. In some instances, authors use it to evoke the image of a collected physical object or biological sample, as when H. G. Wells likens a person’s transformation to that of a specimen gathered and fed [1], or when typography is playfully scrutinized as a curious specimen pasted in an old book [2]. In other works, "specimen" becomes emblematic of exemplary quality or typical character, such as an ideal hero in Thomas Carlyle's discussion [3] or an outstanding representative of a social class in Jane Austen's portrayal of Miss Steeles [4]. The versatility of the term appears further in its rhetorical use to provide snapshots of longer arguments or narratives—from providing a model conversation in Boswell’s biography [5] to serving as the title for Whitman’s own "Specimen Days" [6]. This layered semantic richness makes "specimen" a term that not only denotes a tangible example but also opens a dialogue on the nature of representation in art and society.
  1. You had the need, and I had the knowledge; and I injected and fed you much as I might have collected a specimen.
    — from The island of Doctor Moreau by H. G. Wells
  2. It is said that Enschedius discovered this singular specimen of typography pasted in the cover of an old book.
    — from The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America by Thomas Jefferson
  3. Our chosen specimen of the Hero as Literary Man would be this Goethe.
    — from On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History by Thomas Carlyle
  4. This specimen of the Miss Steeles was enough.
    — from Sense and Sensibility by Jane Austen
  5. Here is a specimen conversation, taken almost at random from a hundred such in Boswell's incomparable biography.
    — from English Literature by William J. Long
  6. Then I have publish'd two prose works, "Specimen Days," and a late one, "November Boughs."
    — from Complete Prose Works by Walt Whitman

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