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Literary notes about Refute (AI summary)

In literature, the term refute is used to denote the decisive act of disproving or discrediting an assertion, serving as both a challenge and a method for clarifying truth. In philosophical discussions, as in Plato’s Gorgias ([1], [2]), it invites interlocutors to examine their beliefs and expose inconsistencies, while in debates and treatises—as seen in works by Cicero and Hume ([3], [4])—the word becomes a signifier of rigorous intellectual scrutiny. In narratives, such as those by Brontë and Eliot ([5], [6], [7]), refutation not only propels dramatic tension but also underscores a character’s commitment to truth and the reclamation of honor. Overall, its multifaceted use accentuates literature’s enduring dialogue between reason and rhetoric.
  1. Then I shall be very grateful to the child, and equally grateful to you if you will refute me and deliver me from my foolishness.
    — from Gorgias by Plato
  2. And therefore he would have his friends examine and refute him, if they think that he is in error.
    — from Phaedo by Plato
  3. It is easy to refute those who dare not venture to speak.
    — from Emile by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  4. My present business then must be to defend the definitions, and refute the demonstrations.
    — from A Treatise of Human Nature by David Hume
  5. I retorted, showing a decided purple witness to refute her.
    — from Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë
  6. I won’t remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations.”
    — from Aesop's Fables by Aesop
  7. the day is come for a woman's arms to refute thy words.
    — from The Aeneid of Virgil by Virgil

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