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Literary notes about Protoplasm (AI summary)

The term "protoplasm" has been used in literature in a variety of ways that reflect both its literal scientific meaning and its more symbolic, metaphorical implications. In some works, such as those by George Santayana, protoplasm symbolizes the source or core of human vitality and idealism—suggesting that even our loftiest aspirations are grounded in the elemental, organic material of life itself [1, 2]. Conversely, in classical texts like Aesop's fables, protoplasm is depicted in a more straightforward biological context, referring directly to the living substance within cells [3]. Authors like Mark Twain, Freud, and Ukers blend these dimensions, with Twain humorously describing protoplasm alongside metals [4] and Freud and Ukers discussing its dynamic role in cell movement and chemical reactions [5, 6]. E. M. Forster also alludes to its fundamental nature by implying that spirit and life are inextricably linked to this basic material [7].
  1. The ideality, the representative faculty, would have gone out in our souls, and our perfected humanity would have brought us back to protoplasm.
    — from The Life of Reason: The Phases of Human Progress by George Santayana
  2. All natural organisms, from protoplasm to poetry, can exercise certain ideal functions and symbolise in their structure certain ideal relations.
    — from The Life of Reason: The Phases of Human Progress by George Santayana
  3. The red colouring matter of the blood ( hæmoglobin ) is regularly distributed in the pores of their protoplasm.
    — from The Fables of Aesop by Aesop
  4. merely as homogeneous protoplasm, with alloys of iron and buttons.
    — from A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court by Mark Twain
  5. They stretch out protrusions, known as pseudopia, into which the protoplasm flows.
    — from A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud
  6. The manner in which the methyl group is liberated by the cell protoplasm is said
    — from All About Coffee by William H. Ukers
  7. Without their spirit life might never have moved out of protoplasm.
    — from Howards End by E. M. Forster

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