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Literary notes about Less (AI summary)

The word "less" in literature is a versatile tool that authors employ to compare qualities, quantities, and intensities, often lending a subtle nuance to tone and meaning. In many works, such as Gibbon’s account of fortune [1] or Verne’s description of a safer yet less romantic scene [2], "less" functions to indicate a diminished degree relative to a contrastive element. It can compare physical quantities, as in Newton’s color observations [3], or temper character strengths—illustrated in expressions like “less perturbed” in Aurelius [4] or “less active” in military preparations [5]. Authors like Twain [6] and Strunk [7] sometimes play with the phrase “more or less,” blending precision with ambiguity, while others use "less" in time-sensitive contexts, such as noting periods "less than four months" [8]. Overall, "less" is used to subtly downscale descriptions, making differences in quality, duration, or intensity explicit without overwhelming the reader with absolute contrasts.
  1. But as he escaped and survived the persecution, we must account him either more or less fortunate than Cyprian.
    — from The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon
  2. It was certainly less striking and romantic, but it was decidedly safer.
    — from A Journey to the Centre of the Earth by Jules Verne
  3. Of the other four, the violet was the least in extent, and the blue less than the yellow or red.
    — from Opticks : by Isaac Newton
  4. Have done with them, and you will be more at leisure and less perturbed.
    — from The Meditations of the Emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus by Emperor of Rome Marcus Aurelius
  5. No less active were they in every other department of the military preparations.
    — from The Histories of Polybius, Vol. 1 (of 2) by Polybius
  6. “Less see it.”
    — from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Complete by Mark Twain
  7. Not that I loved Caesar less, but Rome the more.
    — from The Elements of Style by William Strunk
  8. Less than four months intervened between his victory and his fall.
    — from The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon

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