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Literary notes about Irk (AI summary)

The word "irk" has been employed in literature to convey a range of irritations—from a mere annoyance to a profound emotional response. In Dante's work [1], it is juxtaposed with grace, hinting at an internal blaze that belies a calm exterior, while in Galdós' novel [2] it appears among synonyms such as "disappoint" and "antagonize," emphasizing its role as a minor yet palpable grievance. Chekhov [3] uses a playful adjective form "irk-some" to illustrate the growing discomfort of idleness, whereas Kipling strategically integrates the term in "Kim" to depict both wistful reminiscence and tangible disturbance in everyday life [4][5]. Boccaccio's usage [6] further emphasizes the interpersonal aspect of irritation, as it pertains to the dynamics of social interaction, and Joyce's creative placement in "Ulysses" [7] demonstrates the word's versatility in characterizing subtle moods within complex social spaces.
  1. Though I be late arrived, yet of thy grace Let it not irk thee here a while to stay: It irks not me, yet, as thou seest, I blaze.
    — from The Divine Comedy of Dante Alighieri: The Inferno by Dante Alighieri
  2. contrariar t antagonize; ( not in A. ) disappoint, irk, annoy.
    — from Doña Perfecta by Benito Pérez Galdós
  3. Every minute it was getting to be more and more irk-some for him to be tramping the streets in idleness.
    — from Project Gutenberg Compilation of Short Stories by Chekhov by Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
  4. 'Would I had a few of the years that so irk thee.
    — from Kim by Rudyard Kipling
  5. 'The speed and the clatter irk me.
    — from Kim by Rudyard Kipling
  6. Doth it irk thee that I should beat thee?'
    — from The Decameron of Giovanni Boccaccio by Giovanni Boccaccio
  7. Loth to irk in Horne’s hall hat holding the seeker stood.
    — from Ulysses by James Joyce

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