Literary notes about Functionary (AI summary)
The term “functionary” has been employed in literature to denote individuals who embody the roles and responsibilities of bureaucratic or administrative order, sometimes with a neutral tone and other times with a touch of irony or criticism. In works such as Melville’s Bartleby [1] and Gogol’s Dead Souls [2], the word conveys a sense of rigid, impersonal authority that governs society’s everyday operations, while Carlyle [3, 4] and Dumas [5, 6] invoke it to underline the systematic nature of institutional roles. Moreover, authors like Emerson [7] have even stretched its usage metaphorically to suggest that life itself operates as a kind of functionary. Whether referring to a government official, a clerk, or even a service expert like the “coiffeur” in Brontë’s Villette [8], the term consistently underscores the idea of a person mandated to perform specific, sometimes stifling, functions within a larger social or administrative structure.
- I then assured the functionary that Bartleby was a perfectly honest man, and greatly to be compassionated, however unaccountably eccentric.
— from Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street by Herman Melville - Always the same, always unapproachable, this functionary could never in his life have smiled or asked civilly after an acquaintance’s health.
— from Dead Souls by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol - Some days afterwards, he produced it at the right moment, to the horror of his upholstery functionary; it was not gold but tinsel!
— from On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History by Thomas Carlyle - Public Functionary in vigorous action there is none; if it be not Rivarol with his Staff of Genius and Two hundred and eighty Applauders.
— from The French Revolution: A History by Thomas Carlyle - At twelve this man was replaced by another functionary, and Danglars, wishing to catch sight of his new guardian, approached the door again.
— from The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet - And they both set forward as fast as they could toward the country house of the worthy functionary.
— from The three musketeers by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet - Living is the functionary.
— from Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson by Ralph Waldo Emerson - About nine o'clock A.M., an important functionary, the "coiffeur," arrived.
— from Villette by Charlotte Brontë