Literary notes about Extinct (AI summary)
The term "extinct" is deployed in literature with remarkable versatility, oscillating between literal scientific descriptions and evocative metaphors. In natural history, for example, it appears in discussions of species that have disappeared forever—Darwin uses it in the context of living and extinct species ([1], [2], [3]), while Jefferson and others refer to vanished animals or traditions ([4], [5]). In more imaginative and philosophical texts, "extinct" takes on a figurative role: early Gothic works such as Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley's Frankenstein portray vanishing miseries or lost life ([6], [7], [8]), and writers like Poe and Dumas use it to signal dormant passions or beliefs awaiting resurrection ([9], [10]). This layering of meaning is further amplified by its application to cultural practices ([11], [12], [13]) and even personal or familial lineage ([14], [15]), showcasing the word's power to render both palpable finality and latent possibility in literature.
- Let us now look to the mutual affinities of extinct and living species.
— from The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection by Charles Darwin - Thus, we can account for the fact that all organisms, recent and extinct, are included under a few great orders and under still fewer classes.
— from The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection by Charles Darwin - These huge animals have become wholly extinct, and have left no progeny.
— from The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection by Charles Darwin - [149] Either the extinct urus or the nearly extinct aurochs must be here intended.
— from The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America by Thomas Jefferson - [149] Either the extinct urus or the nearly extinct aurochs must be here intended.
— from The Declaration of Independence of the United States of America by Thomas Jefferson - Soon these burning miseries will be extinct.
— from Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley - Soon these burning miseries will be extinct.
— from Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley - It was long before he was restored; and I often thought that life was entirely extinct.
— from Frankenstein; Or, The Modern Prometheus by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley - His love, which he believed to be extinct but which was only asleep, awoke again in his heart.
— from The three musketeers by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet - Ideas do not become extinct, sire; they slumber sometimes, but only revive the stronger before they sleep entirely.’
— from The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet - Sacred groves were common among the ancient Germans, and tree-worship is hardly extinct amongst their descendants at the present day.
— from The Golden Bough: A Study of Magic and Religion by James George Frazer - It was rife in ancient India and ancient Egypt; it is by no means extinct among European peasantry at the present day.
— from The Golden Bough: A Study of Magic and Religion by James George Frazer - I. Wales retains several ancient customs in connection with weddings, which are elsewhere extinct.
— from British Goblins: Welsh Folk-lore, Fairy Mythology, Legends and Traditions by Wirt Sikes - You are extinct—as a county family.
— from Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman by Thomas Hardy - “No, no, be easy on that score; the family is extinct.
— from The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas and Auguste Maquet