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Literary notes about Defective (AI summary)

The term "defective" assumes a remarkably diverse range of meanings in literature, serving as a descriptor not only of linguistic and grammatical incompleteness but also of broader conceptual, structural, and moral shortcomings. In the realm of classical studies, it is used very technically to denote words that lack a full complement of forms or cases, as noted in discussions of Latin grammar ([1], [2], [3], [4], [5]). Beyond linguistics, the adjective appears in philosophical and analytical texts to critique insufficient reasoning or incomplete analyses—Kant, for instance, points to a definition that is necessarily defective ([6]), while Rousseau uses it to describe impaired economic circulation ([7]). The word further conveys physical and systemic deficiencies, such as unstable architectural foundations or flawed organizational capacities ([8], [9], [10], [11]), and even extends into characterizing shortcomings in personal abilities or the elusive quality of reality in imaginative art ([12], [13], [14]). Through these varied applications, "defective" consistently highlights the notion of something falling short of an expected or ideal state.
  1. Most words in -tu- ( -su- ) are defective in case, and are chiefly used in the ablative ( 430 ).
    — from A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges by George Martin Lane
  2. maereō , defective, 809 ; with acc., 1139 ; with quod , quia , quom , 1851 .
    — from A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges by George Martin Lane
  3. of, 785 , 786 ; old forms of, 787 ; defective, 786 , 805 . albeō , defective, 809 .
    — from A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges by George Martin Lane
  4. partic., 2297 ; form dō not elided before short vowel, 2487 ; form dem not elided before short vowel, 2495 . doceō , defective, 900 ; prin.
    — from A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges by George Martin Lane
  5. and adv., comparison of, 355 , 363 ; defective, 355 ; decl.
    — from A Latin Grammar for Schools and Colleges by George Martin Lane
  6. In the latter case, the definition is necessarily defective, because we can never be fully certain of the completeness of our analysis.
    — from The Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant
  7. The first of these arises from the defective circulation of specie; for industry and commerce draw all the money from
    — from The Social Contract & Discourses by Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  8. Were the foundations defective and subject to internal strain there could be little soundness in the superstructure.
    — from The Life of Reason: The Phases of Human Progress by George Santayana
  9. How much of this waste of treasure is traceable to defective family government?
    — from History of Woman Suffrage, Volume I
  10. 4. Isolation, Segregation, and the Physically Defective: as the Blind, the Deaf-Mute, the Physically Handicapped.
    — from Introduction to the Science of Sociology by E. W. Burgess and Robert Ezra Park
  11. Normals from the defective strain may marry normals of normal ancestry, but must particularly avoid consanguineous marriages.
    — from Introduction to the Science of Sociology by E. W. Burgess and Robert Ezra Park
  12. Romantic art is only an emergency exit from defective "reality."
    — from The Will to Power: An Attempted Transvaluation of All Values. Book III and IV by Nietzsche
  13. He was a sort of defective, not bad enough to be so classed.
    — from The Rainbow by D. H. Lawrence
  14. On that side, the imagination of the artist halts, and appears defective.
    — from The Works of Charles and Mary Lamb — Volume 2 by Charles Lamb and Mary Lamb

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