Cos, n. an itching Coygordd, n. a retinue Cosi, v. to assuage itching Cosiad, n. a scratching Cosp, n. chastisement Cospad, n. a chastising Cospadwy, a. punishable Cospedig, a. chastised Cospedigaeth, n. punishment Cospedigol, a. castigatory Cospi, v. to chastise, to punish Cospiad, n. a punishing Cospol, a. castigatory Cospwr, n. a chastiser; a punisher Cost, n. a coast; cost, charge Costio, v. to expend; to cost Costiol, a. relating to cost Costog, a. sluggish; morose Costogi, v. to grow surly Costrel, n. a flaggon; a jar Costrelaid, n. a jar full Costrelan, n. a phial; a jar Costrelig, n. a small jar Costrelu, v. to put in a jar Costrelwr, one that puts in a jar Costus, a. chargeable, dear Coswr, n. a scratcher Cosyn, n. a single cheese Cot, n. a short tail or crop Coten, n. a little dag or tail Cotwm, n. a dag-wool; cotton Cotymog, a. dagged, ermined Cothi, v. to squirt, to eject Cothwr, n. an ejector Cowyllu, v. to envelop Cowyn, n. the plague Cowynog, a. full of biles Crab, n. a crinkle, a shrink Crach, n. scabs; itch; maneg Crachen, n. a scab; a crust Crachenu, v. to form a scab Crachfeddw, a. half drunk Crachfeddyg, n. a quack Crachlyd, a. apt to be scabby Crachog, a. full of scabs Craf, n. cloves; claws; garlic Crafangiad, n. gripe; handful Crafangc, n. a claw, a crab fish Crafangiad, a clawing, a griping Crafangio, v. to claw, to gripe Crafangwr, n. a clawer, a griper Crafell, n. a scraper Crafellu, to use a slice; to scrape Crafen, n. a flake; a crust Crafiad, n. a scraping Crafu, v. to scrape, to scratch Crafwr, n. a scratched Craff, n. a clasp; a cramp: a. securing, sure; keen Craffder, n. keeness; skill Craffiad, n. a securing Craffiniad, n. scarification Craffinio, v. to scarify Craffu, v. to secure hold; to ken Craffus, a. penetrating, piercing Craffwr, n. perceiver Crag, n. a hard crust Cragen, n. a shell Cragenaidd, a. crustaceous Cragenog, a. having a shell Crai, n. heat; potency; the heart; the eye of a needle; a. vivid: fervid; fresh Craid, n. vehemency; force Craidd, n. a centre; the heart Craig, n. a crag; a rock Crair, n. a token; a relic Craith, n. a scar; a cicatrice Cram, n. an incrustration Cramen, n. a scab over a sore Crameniad, n. scabbing Cramenog, a. covered with scab Cranenu, v. to scab over Crammwyth, n. a pancake Crammwythen, n. a fritter Crangc, n. a crab; a cancer Crangen, n. a wen Crangenog, a. full of wens Crap, n. a grapple, a catch Crapiad, n. a grappling Crapio, v. to grapple; to snatch Crapiog, a. grappling, snatching Crapiwr, n. a grappler Crâs, what is parclied; a toast: a. parched, acrid; saucy Crasaidd, a. of a parching nature; acrid Crasair, n. sauciness Crasboeth, a. acrid, pungent Crasboethi, v. to parch with heat Crasboethiad, n. a parching, or a drying with heat Crasdant, n. a sharp note Crasder, n. aridity; sauciness Crasdir, n. parched ground Crasedig, a. parched; toasted Craseiriog, a. malepert Crasgalaf, n. the herb flavin Crasgnoi, v. to scranch Crasiad, n. a parching; a roasting Crasiedydd, n. a roaster Crasol, a. parching, drying Crasu, v. to parch, to roast Craswr, n. a parchet; a dryer Crasyd, n. parched corn Crawen, n. a crust Craweniad, n. incrustation Crawenog, a. crusted, crusty Crawenol, a. incrustating Crawenu, v. to become crusty Crawn, n. a collection; pus Crawni, v. to collect; to form Crawnllyd, a. purulent Crawnol, a. collecting Crëad, n. a creation Crëadol, a. creating, plastic Crëadur, n. a creature Crëaduriaeth, n. creation Crëawd, n. formation, creation Crëawdwr, n. a creator Crebach, n. what is shrunk: a shrunk, withered Crebachiad, a. shrinking Crebachlyd, a. apt to contract, or shrink Crebachu, v. to shrink Crebachwr, n. one that shrinks Crebog, a. shrunk, withered Crebwyll, n. fancy, intention Crebwyllo, v. to imagine Crebwylliad, n. an imagining Creciad, n. a chirping Crecian, v. to chirp, to chatter Creciar, n. the darker hen Crech, n. a shriek, a scream; a rough, rugged, curled Crechiad, n. a shrieking out Crechian, v. to shriek, to crash Crechol, a. screaming Crechwen, n. a shrill laugh Crechwenu, v. to laugh out Cred, n. belief; faith; religion Credad, n. a believing Credadwy, a. credible Credadyn, n. a believer Crededd, n. belief, credibility Credin, a. believing, credulous Crediniaeth, n. a belief Credo, n. a belief, a creed Credol, a. believing, crediting Credu, v. to believe, to credit Credus, a. inducing belief Credwr, n. a believer Creddiad, n. temperament Creddu, v. to dispose Crëedig, a. created, formed Crëadigaeth, n. creation Cref, a cry, a scream: a. strong, powerful Crefiad, n. a craving; a suing Crefiant, n. a craving Crefol, a. craving, imploring Crefu, v. to cry, to crave Crefydd, n. devotion; religion Crefyddol, a. devout, religious Crefyddoldeb, n. religiousness Crefyddu, v. to act religiously Crefyddwr, n. a religionist Crefft, n. a handy-craft; a trade Crefftwr, n. a handy-craftsman, a mechanic; a tradesman Creffyn, n. a brace, a clasper Creffyniad, n. a bracing Creffynu, v. to brace, to plate Creg, a. hoarse, of rough voice Cregen, n. an earthen vessel Cregenu, v. to make pottery Cregenydd, n. a potter Creglais, n. a hoarse voice Creglyd, a. apt to hoarse Cregu, v. to become hoarse Creyna, v. to gather shells Cregynog, a. having shells Cregynol, a. testaceous Cregyr, n. a screamer, heron Creiad, n. a freshening Creider, n. fresness; purity Creiddiad, n. pervasion Creiddiol, a. pervasive Creiddyn, n. what juts into Creifion, n. scrapings Creigiaidd, a. rocky Creigio, v. to grow rocky Creigiog, a. rocky, craggy Creigiogrwydd, n. rockiness Creigiol, a. apt to be rocky Creilwg, n. charred furse Creiniad, n. a wallowing Creinio, v. to wallow Creiniol, a. wallowing, rolling Creiniwr, n. a wallower Creio, v. to freshen, to brisken Creirâu, v. to swear by the relics Creirdŷ, n. a house for relics Creirfa, n. a reliquary Creiries, n. a jewel, a beauty Creisier, n. a calcinatory Creision, n. calcined matter; dross of anything burnt Creisioni, v. to calcine Creithen, n. a cicatrice, a scar Creithiad, n. cicatrization Creithio, v. to cicatrize Creithiog, a. full of scars Creithiol, a. cicatrisive Cremog, n. a pancake Crencyn, n. a small crab Crepa, n. a crabbed dwarf Crepian, v. to creep, to hobble Crepaniog, a. creeping Crepog, a. shrunk; withered Cres, n. a hardening by heat Cresiad, n. inflamation Crest, n. scum, dregs; scurf Cresten, n. a crusted surface Crestenu, v. to gather scurf Crestiad, n. incrustation Crestog, a. being crusted over Crestol, a. apt to incrustate Crestu, v. to incrustate Cresu, v. to parch, to scorch Creth, n. disposition, purpose Crëu, v. to create Creuan, n. the cranium Creuled, a. drenched in gore Creulon, a. bloody, cruel Creulonaeth, n. cruelty Creuloni, v. to wax cruel Creulonrwydd, n. cruelty Creulys, n. groundsel Creuol, a. gory, bloody Crew, n. a shout, an outcry Crëwr, n. a creator, a former Crewt, n. a faint cry Crewtian, v. to whine, to pule Cri, n. a cry, a clamour: a. rough, rude; raw, fresh Criad, n. a crying, a bawling Crib, n. a comb; a crest, a top Cribach, n. a hay-hook Cribarth, n. a ridged hill Cribddail, n. extortion; pillage Cribddeilio, v. to extort Cribddeiliwr, n. an extortioner Cribell, n. a cock’s comb Cribiad, n. a combing Cribin, n. a hay-rake Cribiniad, n. a raking Cribinio, v. to rake Cribiniwr, n. a raker Cribion, n. combings Cribo, v. to comb, to card Cribog, a. indented; crested Cribwr, n. a comber, a carder Cricell, n. a cricket Cricellu, v. to chirp, to chatter Criciad, n. a cricket Criciedydd, n. a creaker Crif, n. a row of notches Crifellu, v. to notch, to grave Crifiad, n. a notching Crig, n. a crick Criglyn, n. a faint trace Crigyll, n. ravine; creek Crimmell, n. a sharp ridge Crimmog, n. a shin, a greave Crimmogiad, n. a shinning; a kick on the shin Crimmogio, v. to shin Crimp, n. a sharp ridge Crimpiad, n. a crimping Crimpio, v. to crimp Crin, a. brittle, fragile; niggard Crinad, n. a growing brittle Crinder, n. brittleness Crinell, n. what is clung Crinelliad, n. crepitation Crinellu, v. to cling; to cracle Crinlys, n. the violet Crino, v. to wax brittle, to clung Crintach, a. niggardly Crintachrwydd, n. niggardliness Crintachu, v. to grow niggardly Crintachwr, n. a niggard Crinwydd, n. dry brushwood Crio, v. to cry, to clamour Crip, n. a scratch; a notch Cripiad, n. a scratching Cripio, v. to scratch, to claw Cripiog, a. having scratches Cripiol, a. scratching, clawing Cripiwr, n. a scratcher Cris, n. a scale, a hard crust Crisb, n. a crisp coating Crisbin, a. crumbling, crisp Crisbinio, v. to crisp, to dry Crisial, n. crystal Crisialad, n. crystalization Crisialaidd, a. crystaline Crisialu, v. to crystalize CRIST, n. Christ, Messiah Cristion, n. a christian Cristionogaeth, n. christianity Cristionogaidd, a. christianly Cristionogol, a. christianly Croca, a. crooked, tortuous Croch, a. rough, forcible; eager Crochan, n. a boiler, a pot Crochanaid, n. a pot-full Crochenu, v. to make pottery Crochenydd, n. a potter Crochenyddiaeth, n. pottery Crochenyn, n. a little pot Crochlais, n. a rough voice Crochlef, n. a shrill shout Crochlefain, n. a scream Crochlefwr, n. a great shouter Crochleisio, v. to vociferate Croen, n. a skin, a hide Croendew, n. thick-skinned Croenog, a. having skin Croenol, a. cutaneous Croenen, n. a cuticle Croengyrchu, v. to wrinkle a skin Croeni, v. to skin, to skin over Croeniad, n. a skinning Croes, n. a cross; a crucifix: a. cross, transverse Croesaw, n. a welcome Croesawgar, a. hospitable Croesawiad, n. a welcoming Croesawl, a. transversial Croesawu, v. to welcome Croesawus, a. hospitable Coesdroi, v. to contort Croesdynu, v. to contend Croesen, n. a coquette; a jilt Croesffon, n. a cross staff Croesffordd, n. a cross road Croesgynghanedd, n. alliterative consonancy Croeshoeliad, n. crucifixion Croeshoelio, v. to crucify Croesi, v. to cross, to put across Croesiad, n. a crossing Croesineb, n. crossness Croeslath, n. a purlin Crog, n. a cross, a crucifix; a. hanging, overhanging Crogadwy, a. that may be hung Crogbren, n. a gallows Crogedyf, n. a dropwort Crogell, n. a place to hang meat Crogen, n. a gill; a jaw Crogi, v. to hang, to suspend Crogiad, n. a hanging Croglath, n. a springe Croglen, n. a hanging; a curtain Croglith, n. the mass of the cross Crogwr, n. a hangman Crom, a. bending, boughed Cromen, n. a dome, a cupola Cromglwyd, n. a thatch hurdle Crombill, n. the craw, crop or gorge of a bird Cromilaid, n. a crop full Cromlech, n. an incumbent flag, a stone of covenant Cron, a. round, circular Cronbleth, n. a bobbin Cronnel, a. a globule; a globe Cronellog, a. globular Cronellu, v. to glomerate Cronen, n. a globe, a sphere Cronfa, n. a receptacle; a dam Cronglwyl, n. a roof hurdle Croni, v. to board, to dam Croniad, n. a damming Cropa, n. a crop, or a craw Cropiad, n. a creeping Cropian, v. to creep, to crawl Cropiedydd, n. a creeper Crotawg, a. plump, round Croten, n. a little plump girl Croth, n. a bulge; a womb Crothawg, gibbous; big-bellied Crothell, n. a bulge; a bansticle Crothi, v. to bulge, to swell Croyw, a. clear; brisk; fresh Croywder, n. freshness Croywi, v. to freshen; to brisk Cru, n. a hollow rotundity Crub, n. a swelling out Crud, n. a cover, a case Crug, n. a heap, a tump Crugo, v. to heap, to swell Crugog, a. having heaps Crugdardd, n. a pustule Crugdarddu, v. to imposthumate Crugiad, n. a heaping up Crugyll, n. a place of tumps Crugyn, n. a small heap Crygynu, v. to pile, to heap Crygynog, a. full of tumps Crwb, n. a round hunch Crwbach, n. a hook, a crook Crwban, n. a tortoise Crwc, n. a bucket, a pail Crwca, a. crooked, bowed, bent Crwcau, v. to bow, to curve Crwcwd, n. a round squat Crwm, a. bending, concave Crwmach, n. convexity Crwn, a. round, circular Crwt, n. a crust; a dumpy one Crwtyn, n. a little dumpy one Crwth, n. a bulge, a trunk; a belly; a violin Crwybr, a. a scum; honeycomb Crwydr, n. a wandering Crwydrai, n. a wanderer Crwydrol, a. wandering Crwydredigaeth, a. vagrancy Crwydriad, n. a vagabond Crwynllys, n. the gentian Crwynwr, n. the skinner Crybwyll, n. a hint; an idea Crybwylliad, n. a hinting Crybwyllo, v. to intimate Crybychawl, a. crinkling Crybychiad, n. a crinkling Crybychu, v. to crinkle Crycydu, v. to squat down Crŷch, n. a wrinkle; a ripple; a. wrinkled; rippling Crychedd, n. roughness Crychiad, n. a wrinkling, crepature; a shake in music Crychiant, n. curliness Crychias, n. a rough boiling Crychlais, n. a broken voice Crychlam, n. a caper Crychlamiad, n. a capering Crychnaid, n. a skip, a frisk Crychneidio, v. to skip Crychni, n. curliness Crychrawn, a. frizzly, haired Crychu, v. to ruffle; to ripple Crychydd, n. a ruffler; a heron; crane Cryd, n. a quake; a fever Crydiad, n. a shivering Crydian, v. to keep shivering Crydio, v. to shiver, to quake Crydiol, a. shivering, quaking Crydu, v. to tremble, to shudder Crydus, a. shivering, trembling Crydwst, n. a shivering fit Crydd, n. a shoemaker Cryddiaeth,
— from A Pocket Dictionary: Welsh-English by William Richards

the Indian woman had not reached Capt C. untill about the time I arrived and he returned from a position on the top of a hill not far from where he had halted the party.
— from The Journals of Lewis and Clark, 1804-1806 by William Clark

so no rats can come in.
— from A Dictionary of Cebuano Visayan by John U. Wolff

N. Right common carotid artery cut at its origin.
— from Surgical Anatomy by Joseph Maclise

Every new regulation concerning commerce or revenue, or in any way affecting the value of the different species of property, presents a new harvest to those who watch the change, and can trace its consequences; a harvest, reared not by themselves, but by the toils and cares of the great body of their fellow-citizens.
— from The Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton

We should do well to remember old Gellert's fine and touching lament, that the best gifts of all find the fewest admirers, and that most men mistake the bad for the good,—a daily evil that nothing can prevent, like a plague which no remedy can cure.
— from The Essays of Arthur Schopenhauer: the Wisdom of Life by Arthur Schopenhauer

During my stay at Nagasaki we heard a good deal about the discovery and arrest of native Roman Catholic Christians of Urakami, a village near the town.
— from A Diplomat in Japan The inner history of the critical years in the evolution of Japan when the ports were opened and the monarchy restored, recorded by a diplomatist who took an active part in the events of the time, with an account of his personal experiences during that period by Ernest Mason Satow

return Footnote 12: nothing return Contents Contents p.3 No. 61 Thursday, May 10, 1711 Addison Non equidem studeo, bullalis ut mihi nugis Pagina turgescal, dare pondus idonea fumo.
— from The Spectator, Volume 1 Eighteenth-Century Periodical Essays by Steele, Richard, Sir

That, he who has suffered the damage has a right to demand in his own name, and he alone can remit: the damnified person has this power of appropriating to himself the goods or service of the offender, by right of self-preservation, as every man has a power to punish the crime, to prevent its being committed again, by the right he has of preserving all mankind, and doing all reasonable things he can in order to that end: and thus it is, that every man, in the state of nature, has a power to kill a murderer, both to deter others from doing the like injury, which no reparation can compensate, by the example of the punishment that attends it from every body, and also to secure men from the attempts of a criminal, who having renounced reason, the common rule and measure God hath given to mankind, hath, by the unjust violence and slaughter he hath committed upon one, declared war against all mankind, and therefore may be destroyed as a lion or a tyger, one of those wild savage beasts, with whom men can have no society nor security: and upon this is grounded that great law of nature, Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed.
— from Second Treatise of Government by John Locke

Him neither rocks can crush, nor steel can wound, Whom Ajax fells not on the ensanguined ground.
— from The Iliad by Homer

In the profession, neither Cushing nor Rantoul could compare with Choate, although in learning Cushing may have been his rival.
— from Reminiscences of Sixty Years in Public Affairs, Vol. 1 by George S. (George Sewall) Boutwell

Natural hazards: earthquakes in the south, mudslides around Almaty Environment - current issues: radioactive or toxic chemical sites associated with its former defense industries and test ranges throughout the country pose health risks for humans and animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; because the two main rivers which flowed into the Aral Sea have been diverted for irrigation, it is drying up and leaving behind a harmful layer of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then picked up by the wind and blown into noxious dust storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution from overuse of agricultural chemicals and salination from poor infrastructure and wasteful irrigation practices Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Geography - note: landlocked; Russia leases approximately 6,000 sq km of territory enclosing the Baykonur Cosmodrome People Kazakhstan Population: 16,741,519 (July 2002 est.)
— from The 2002 CIA World Factbook by United States. Central Intelligence Agency

‘But no righteous conscience, it may be said, could give its verdict against a solemn pledge taken and reciprocated; no righteous conscience could, in a society of nations, declare against the ends of that society.
— from The Fruits of Victory A Sequel to The Great Illusion by Norman Angell

Natural hazards: NA Environment - current issues: very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on desalination Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Geography - note: the country comprises an archipelago, with only the three largest islands (Malta, Ghawdex or Gozo, and Kemmuna or Comino) being inhabited; numerous bays provide good harbors; Malta and Tunisia are discussing the commercial exploitation of the continental shelf between their countries, particularly for oil exploration Malta People Population: 394,583 (July 2001 est.)
— from The 2001 CIA World Factbook by United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Azerbaijan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Bahamas, The party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Bahrain party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Bangladesh party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Barbados party to: Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Biodiversity Belarus party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea Belgium party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Belize party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Benin party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Bhutan party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Nuclear Test Ban signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea Bolivia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection Bosnia and Herzegovina party to: Air Pollution, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Botswana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Brazil party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Brunei party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Bulgaria party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Burkina Faso party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban Burma party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Burundi party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban Cambodia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping Cameroon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban Canada party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation Cape Verde party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Central African Republic party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea Chad party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping Chile party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban China party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Colombia party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping Comoros party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Congo, Democratic Republic of the party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification Congo, Republic of the party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea Cook Islands party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Law of the Sea signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Costa Rica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation Cote d'Ivoire party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Croatia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Cuba party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation Cyprus party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Czech Republic party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol Denmark party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea Djibouti party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Dominica party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Dominican Republic party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea East Timor NA Ecuador party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Egypt party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol El Salvador party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea Equatorial Guinea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Eritrea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Estonia party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Ethiopia party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban Fiji party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Finland party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol France party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants Gabon party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Gambia, The party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Georgia party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Germany party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Ghana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation Greece party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Grenada party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Guatemala party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol Guinea party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Guinea-Bissau party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Guyana party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Haiti party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban Holy See (Vatican City) party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification Honduras party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Hong Kong party to: Marine Dumping (associate member), Ship Pollution (associate member)
— from The 2003 CIA World Factbook by United States. Central Intelligence Agency

The necessities of our Navy require convenient coaling stations and dock and harbor privileges.
— from U.S. Presidential Inaugural Addresses by United States. Presidents

Natural hazards: cyclones along the coast; severe droughts Environment - current issues: soil erosion from overgrazing, industrial development, urbanization, and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast, the largest coral reef in the world, is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Geography - note: world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; regular, tropical, invigorating, sea breeze known as "the Doctor" occurs along the west coast in the summer Australia People Population: 19,357,594 (July 2001 est.)
— from The 2001 CIA World Factbook by United States. Central Intelligence Agency

Natural hazards: occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes, forest fires Environment - current issues: deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation Geography - note: archipelago of 17,000 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean People Indonesia Population: 231,328,092 (July 2002 est.)
— from The 2002 CIA World Factbook by United States. Central Intelligence Agency

All the land for miles around was theirs, with no taxes to pay, and no rents continually coming due.
— from If Any Man Sin by H. A. (Hiram Alfred) Cody